{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401879891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3446029","title":"Leveraging Multisource Label Learning for Underground Object Recognition","display_name":"Leveraging Multisource Label Learning for Underground Object Recognition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401879891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3446029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3446029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3446029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023827501","display_name":"Derui Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-6013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Derui Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068247018","display_name":"Lyuzhou Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-027X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyuzhou Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018247255","display_name":"Taiyu Ban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-7528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiyu Ban","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369976","display_name":"Xiangyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-5982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111301653","display_name":"Qinrui Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinrui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology and the Laboratory for Big Data and Decision, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology and the Laboratory for Big Data and Decision, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058715345","display_name":"Xiren Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiren Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605447","display_name":"Huanhuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-384X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanhuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023827501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90545036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.732418954372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.5050747990608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4746471047401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.42873480916023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4038012623786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3641347587108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32865801453590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14859488606452942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.732418954372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.5050747990608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4746471047401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.42873480916023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4038012623786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3641347587108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32865801453590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14859488606452942}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3446029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3446029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4896784468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62137002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6727942876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9344464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9014458","https://openalex.org/W1681205686","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2004087388","https://openalex.org/W2005960247","https://openalex.org/W2122933942","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2498094064","https://openalex.org/W2591725186","https://openalex.org/W2598946096","https://openalex.org/W2899913359","https://openalex.org/W2911419410","https://openalex.org/W2912178711","https://openalex.org/W2935051094","https://openalex.org/W2941486823","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964397271","https://openalex.org/W2984838055","https://openalex.org/W2995817274","https://openalex.org/W2999217395","https://openalex.org/W3013741472","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3082129780","https://openalex.org/W3082449922","https://openalex.org/W3091398351","https://openalex.org/W3099857286","https://openalex.org/W3111751881","https://openalex.org/W3185315065","https://openalex.org/W3200901983","https://openalex.org/W3215766103","https://openalex.org/W4206722749","https://openalex.org/W4206988054","https://openalex.org/W4226315290","https://openalex.org/W4285725626","https://openalex.org/W4287991150","https://openalex.org/W4292347844","https://openalex.org/W4292550183","https://openalex.org/W4292793990","https://openalex.org/W4293409613","https://openalex.org/W4311569659","https://openalex.org/W4312325112","https://openalex.org/W4312403660","https://openalex.org/W4318447268","https://openalex.org/W4318767606","https://openalex.org/W4319986958","https://openalex.org/W4396910054","https://openalex.org/W6602027874","https://openalex.org/W6629990603","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6679959949","https://openalex.org/W6680957539","https://openalex.org/W6771994162","https://openalex.org/W6811256570","https://openalex.org/W6888803745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2114275278","https://openalex.org/W1489511283","https://openalex.org/W2974914859","https://openalex.org/W2026565050","https://openalex.org/W2110244802","https://openalex.org/W2163728705","https://openalex.org/W949345935","https://openalex.org/W2109550041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"numerous":[1],"deep":[2],"learning":[3],"(DL)":[4],"methods":[5],"have":[6,55,82],"been":[7],"proposed":[8,200],"for":[9,138],"the":[10,21,86,93,104,113,119,126,158,173,196,199,208],"recognition":[11,141],"of":[12,23,88,95,107,112,121,160,176,198,210],"ground":[13],"penetrating":[14],"radar":[15],"(GPR)":[16],"B-scan":[17,190],"images.":[18],"Due":[19],"to":[20,26,40,52,73,84,118,156,171],"sensitivity":[22],"GPR":[24,50,189],"imaging":[25],"local":[27],"underground":[28,35,139,211],"conditions,":[29],"DL":[30],"models":[31,54],"trained":[32],"in":[33,42,61,125,202],"other":[34],"environment":[36],"areas":[37],"are":[38,185],"likely":[39],"fail":[41],"new":[43,49],"areas.":[44],"Consequently,":[45],"organizing":[46],"and":[47,109,163,206],"labeling":[48],"images":[51],"train":[53],"become":[56],"a":[57,136,164],"widely":[58],"adopted":[59],"approach":[60],"practical":[62],"applications.":[63],"However,":[64],"expert":[65],"annotation":[66,145,204],"is":[67,154,169],"costly,":[68],"making":[69],"it":[70],"often":[71],"difficult":[72],"collect":[74],"large-scale":[75],"datasets":[76],"with":[77],"high-quality":[78],"annotations.":[79],"Some":[80],"studies":[81],"attempted":[83],"improve":[85],"quality":[87],"image":[89],"annotations":[90],"by":[91,103],"integrating":[92],"efforts":[94],"multiple":[96,188],"annotators.":[97],"This":[98],"process":[99],"can":[100],"be":[101],"constrained":[102],"varying":[105],"levels":[106],"expertise":[108],"attention":[110],"spans":[111],"annotators,":[114],"which":[115],"may":[116],"lead":[117],"presence":[120],"errors":[122],"or":[123],"contradictions":[124],"provided":[127],"labels.":[128],"To":[129],"address":[130],"these":[131],"challenges,":[132],"this":[133],"article":[134],"proposes":[135],"method":[137,201],"target":[140,212],"aimed":[142],"at":[143],"multisource":[144,149,161],"tasks.":[146],"A":[147],"probability":[148],"label":[150],"aggregation":[151],"(PMLA)":[152],"module":[153,168],"designed":[155],"estimate":[157],"reliability":[159],"labels,":[162],"label-sensitive":[165],"regularization":[166],"(LSR)":[167],"introduced":[170],"mitigate":[172],"negative":[174],"impact":[175],"potentially":[177],"erroneous":[178],"labels":[179],"on":[180,187],"model":[181],"training.":[182],"Extensive":[183],"experiments":[184],"conducted":[186],"datasets.":[191],"The":[192],"experimental":[193],"results":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"advantages":[197],"handling":[203],"conflicts":[205],"improving":[207],"accuracy":[209],"recognition.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}