{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401635338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3443856","title":"Airborne Small Target Detection Method Based on Multimodal and Adaptive Feature Fusion","display_name":"Airborne Small Target Detection Method Based on Multimodal and Adaptive Feature Fusion","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401635338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3443856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3443856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3443856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064694486","display_name":"Shufang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-9083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shufang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7627-6675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7627-6675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101808488","display_name":"Haiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-8170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of CAS, Xi&#x2019;an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of CAS, Xi&#x2019;an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144662","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032513593","display_name":"Tianci Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4601-9554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianci Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101407855","display_name":"Zhonghao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-2742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-2742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044826967","display_name":"Hongmin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-2464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-2464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101397279","display_name":"Yiyan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-381X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-381X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1521,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95900457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6577110290527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.555528461933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5335904359817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.5284309983253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5122934579849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48683446645736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4658437967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4548840820789337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40991219878196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37502023577690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14432531595230103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6577110290527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.555528461933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5335904359817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.5284309983253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5122934579849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48683446645736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4658437967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4548840820789337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40991219878196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37502023577690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14432531595230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3443856","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3443856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2100995429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20211201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G220976484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KF20230301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332588","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4658630977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332588","display_name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1863642109","https://openalex.org/W1910108985","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2165139660","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2342662179","https://openalex.org/W2521144071","https://openalex.org/W2559870345","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2607603241","https://openalex.org/W2615984270","https://openalex.org/W2735436330","https://openalex.org/W2741620214","https://openalex.org/W2770038176","https://openalex.org/W2773323744","https://openalex.org/W2773495332","https://openalex.org/W2777967210","https://openalex.org/W2798018774","https://openalex.org/W2798987894","https://openalex.org/W2887564556","https://openalex.org/W2941769495","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963188557","https://openalex.org/W2963579094","https://openalex.org/W2990763144","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3043719198","https://openalex.org/W3099608030","https://openalex.org/W3102515681","https://openalex.org/W3104978563","https://openalex.org/W3105639468","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3139578059","https://openalex.org/W3164612304","https://openalex.org/W3184439416","https://openalex.org/W3199736468","https://openalex.org/W3206364701","https://openalex.org/W3207919963","https://openalex.org/W3209478434","https://openalex.org/W3213472242","https://openalex.org/W4205746868","https://openalex.org/W4214854488","https://openalex.org/W4225630686","https://openalex.org/W4289705070","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4297676427","https://openalex.org/W4307552296","https://openalex.org/W4309367935","https://openalex.org/W4312610008","https://openalex.org/W4319866034","https://openalex.org/W4321380750","https://openalex.org/W4322576316","https://openalex.org/W4366148227","https://openalex.org/W4377241880","https://openalex.org/W4379528676","https://openalex.org/W4382795691","https://openalex.org/W4384819934","https://openalex.org/W4385151993","https://openalex.org/W4385839827","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386077563","https://openalex.org/W4386175343","https://openalex.org/W4387188337","https://openalex.org/W4387757656","https://openalex.org/W4387831688","https://openalex.org/W4392450279","https://openalex.org/W4392940549","https://openalex.org/W6732243160","https://openalex.org/W6746776673","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6753836424","https://openalex.org/W6756834165","https://openalex.org/W6796223860","https://openalex.org/W6798838024","https://openalex.org/W6845935626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379392295","https://openalex.org/W3160965418","https://openalex.org/W613940353","https://openalex.org/W2320915480","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2353265673","https://openalex.org/W2031175860","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90,112],"detection":[1,29,39,190],"of":[2,17,33,43,53,86,165,199],"airborne":[3,54],"small":[4,35,55,129],"targets":[5],"amidst":[6],"cluttered":[7],"environments":[8],"poses":[9],"significant":[10],"challenges.":[11],"Factors":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14,122,126],"the":[15,25,31,41,49,79,84,94,104,134,140,185,197,200],"susceptibility":[16],"a":[18,44,61,99],"single":[19],"RGB":[20,70],"image":[21,110],"to":[22,47,64,120,154],"interference":[23],"from":[24],"environment":[26],"in":[27,38,179],"target":[28,36,56,124,130],"and":[30,51,71,149,176,188],"difficulty":[32],"retaining":[34],"information":[37,125],"necessitate":[40],"development":[42],"new":[45],"method":[46,92,119],"improve":[48],"accuracy":[50],"robustness":[52],"detection.":[57,131],"This":[58],"article":[59],"proposes":[60],"novel":[62],"approach":[63],"achieve":[65],"this":[66],"goal":[67],"by":[68],"fusing":[69],"infrared":[72],"(IR)":[73],"images,":[74],"which":[75,97],"is":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78,156],"existing":[80],"fusion":[81,113,118,144],"strategy":[82,114],"with":[83,107],"addition":[85],"an":[87,108,116],"attention":[88,151],"mechanism.":[89],"proposed":[91,201],"employs":[93,115],"YOLO-SA":[95],"network,":[96,191],"integrates":[98],"YOLO":[100],"model":[101,187],"optimized":[102],"for":[103,128],"downsampling":[105],"step":[106],"enhanced":[109],"set.":[111],"early":[117],"retain":[121],"much":[123],"possible":[127],"To":[132],"refine":[133],"feature":[135,158],"extraction":[136],"process,":[137],"we":[138],"introduce":[139],"self-adaptive":[141],"characteristic":[142],"aggregation":[143],"(SACAF)":[145],"module,":[146],"leveraging":[147],"spatial":[148],"channel":[150],"mechanisms":[152],"synergistically":[153],"focus":[155],"crucial":[157],"information.":[159],"Adaptive":[160],"weighting":[161],"ensures":[162],"effective":[163],"enhancement":[164],"valid":[166],"features":[167],"while":[168],"suppressing":[169],"irrelevant":[170],"ones.":[171],"Experimental":[172],"results":[173],"indicate":[174],"1.8%":[175],"3.5%":[177],"improvements":[178],"mean":[180],"average":[181],"precision":[182],"(mAP)":[183],"over":[184],"LRAF-Net":[186],"Infusion-Net":[189],"respectively.":[192],"Additionally,":[193],"ablation":[194],"studies":[195],"validate":[196],"efficacy":[198],"algorithm\u2019s":[202],"network":[203],"structure.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
