{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401328450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3439094","title":"Scale Pyramid Graph Network for Hyperspectral Individual Tree Segmentation","display_name":"Scale Pyramid Graph Network for Hyperspectral Individual Tree Segmentation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401328450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3439094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3439094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3439094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075709607","display_name":"Yaqian Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5043-0645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaqian Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5043-0645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071555909","display_name":"Songxin Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-8525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songxin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8895-8525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110573884","display_name":"Liqiong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqiong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101598070","display_name":"Weixi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-7556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-7556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042942597","display_name":"Xiaomei Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-5129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomei Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035753061","display_name":"Sen Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-5037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-5037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85501215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9628000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9628000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9555000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8156722187995911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6618931889533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.6214917302131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5869436860084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5713854432106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5628036260604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5451830625534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5135855674743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47005096077919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3875223696231842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3388080298900604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20447450876235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1859739124774933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.16986367106437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.14121684432029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0941515564918518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8156722187995911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6618931889533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6214917302131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5869436860084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5713854432106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5628036260604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5451830625534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5135855674743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47005096077919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3875223696231842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3388080298900604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20447450876235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1859739124774933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.16986367106437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.14121684432029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0941515564918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3439094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3439094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2721654555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515011290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3433068557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5460111346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515012053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8724390679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997732436","https://openalex.org/W2000733812","https://openalex.org/W2018027183","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2124028784","https://openalex.org/W2151426712","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2315994349","https://openalex.org/W2515306179","https://openalex.org/W2799461311","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2915254566","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2952142982","https://openalex.org/W2962770389","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963385711","https://openalex.org/W2991494819","https://openalex.org/W3003387640","https://openalex.org/W3016663000","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3039368862","https://openalex.org/W3082919689","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3097361954","https://openalex.org/W3098388691","https://openalex.org/W3105054740","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3118829545","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3144293453","https://openalex.org/W3195354427","https://openalex.org/W3213792100","https://openalex.org/W4281481370","https://openalex.org/W4283260867","https://openalex.org/W4283829529","https://openalex.org/W4308088753","https://openalex.org/W4312433636","https://openalex.org/W4318484044","https://openalex.org/W4318586146","https://openalex.org/W4322738706","https://openalex.org/W4376503660","https://openalex.org/W4384341407","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4389159420","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4391130239","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6760001035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W4313014865","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicle":[2],"(UAV)":[3],"hyperspectral":[4],"imaging":[5],"offers":[6],"an":[7,116,148],"efficient":[8],"and":[9,70,97,109,161,182,194,208,216,236,270],"cost-effective":[10],"way":[11],"to":[12,38,100,124,264],"map":[13],"tree":[14,19,33,170,192,237,255],"species":[15,69,108,146,157,241,246],"at":[16,94],"the":[17,36,102,106,110,126,162,165,204,226,253],"individual":[18,75,169,254],"levels.":[20],"Conventional":[21],"methods":[22,177],"mostly":[23],"rely":[24],"on":[25,78],"large":[26],"samples":[27],"of":[28,32,119,130,156,168,198,206,228,268],"natural":[29,127],"RGB":[30],"images":[31],"crowns,":[34],"lacking":[35],"ability":[37],"distinguish":[39],"species,":[40],"particularly":[41],"for":[42,57,67,73,240],"trees":[43],"with":[44,175,249],"overlapping":[45],"crowns.":[46],"This":[47,257],"study":[48,141],"proposed":[49,115],"a":[50,79,85,139,265],"novel":[51],"scale":[52,86],"pyramid":[53,87],"graph":[54],"network":[55],"(SPGN)":[56],"instance":[58],"segmentation":[59,171,213],"that":[60,90],"can":[61,260],"simultaneously":[62],"apply":[63],"pixel-level":[64],"(node)":[65],"classification":[66,158,217],"discriminating":[68],"edge":[71],"prediction":[72],"delineating":[74],"trees.":[76],"Based":[77],"graph-in-graph":[80],"(GiG)":[81],"convolution,":[82],"we":[83],"built":[84],"module":[88],"(SPM)":[89],"extracts":[91],"multiscale":[92],"features":[93],"pixels,":[95],"superpixels,":[96],"subgraph":[98,120],"levels":[99],"aggregate":[101],"over-segmented":[103],"superpixels":[104],"into":[105],"same":[107,111],"tree.":[112],"We":[113],"also":[114],"innovative":[117],"concept":[118],"positional":[121,238],"encoding":[122],"(SPE)":[123],"represent":[125],"spatial":[128,230],"relationship":[129],"graph-structured":[131],"data.":[132],"The":[133,154,223],"SPGN":[134,187],"method":[135],"was":[136],"evaluated":[137],"in":[138,151,191,196,220,243],"case":[140],"involving":[142],"eleven":[143],"subtropical":[144],"broadleaf":[145],"under":[147,164],"urban":[149],"environment":[150],"south":[152],"China.":[153],"accuracy":[155],"achieved":[159],"93%,":[160],"area":[163],"curve":[166],"(AUC)":[167],"reached":[172],"0.96.":[173],"Compared":[174],"state-of-the-art":[176],"such":[178,232],"as":[179,233],"DeepForest,":[180],"Detectree2,":[181],"segment":[183],"anything":[184],"model":[185],"(SAM),":[186],"presented":[188],"fewer":[189],"errors":[190],"detection":[193],"outperformed":[195],"instances":[197],"crown":[199,234],"overlaps.":[200],"Ablation":[201],"studies":[202],"proved":[203],"effectiveness":[205],"SPM":[207],"SPE":[209],"modules,":[210],"which":[211],"improved":[212],"by":[214,218],"10%":[215],"7%":[219],"accuracy,":[221],"respectively.":[222],"findings":[224],"confirm":[225],"benefits":[227],"incorporating":[229],"context,":[231],"textures":[235],"relationships,":[239],"differentiation;":[242],"return,":[244],"accurate":[245],"identification":[247],"combined":[248],"spectral":[250],"information":[251],"assists":[252],"segmentation.":[256],"effective":[258],"strategy":[259],"be":[261],"potentially":[262],"extended":[263],"broader":[266],"range":[267],"regions":[269],"forest":[271],"types.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
