{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401328648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3438844","title":"Global Focal Learning for Semi-Supervised Oriented Object Detection","display_name":"Global Focal Learning for Semi-Supervised Oriented Object Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401328648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3438844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3438844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3438844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100647321","display_name":"Kai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-9120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-9120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015087962","display_name":"Zhifeng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-2268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-2268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085650743","display_name":"Qiao Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-7394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003656772","display_name":"Fanfan Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5314-3476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanfan Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5314-3476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051000649","display_name":"Pin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2434-6860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2434-6860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103410382","display_name":"Deren Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deren Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74288605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6038205027580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6033855676651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5642734169960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4842771887779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.41230666637420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3618885278701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18992969393730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6038205027580261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6033855676651001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5642734169960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4842771887779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.41230666637420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3618885278701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18992969393730164}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3438844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3438844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2059357486","https://openalex.org/W2512351403","https://openalex.org/W2949058942","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W3092088889","https://openalex.org/W3097779785","https://openalex.org/W3109055651","https://openalex.org/W3117854388","https://openalex.org/W3119027652","https://openalex.org/W3132437036","https://openalex.org/W3136761610","https://openalex.org/W3170033848","https://openalex.org/W3172507542","https://openalex.org/W3175496347","https://openalex.org/W3178291178","https://openalex.org/W4200283487","https://openalex.org/W4211114389","https://openalex.org/W4225125774","https://openalex.org/W4226456028","https://openalex.org/W4287322212","https://openalex.org/W4311796646","https://openalex.org/W4312605608","https://openalex.org/W4312887059","https://openalex.org/W4312999279","https://openalex.org/W4313165093","https://openalex.org/W4319289169","https://openalex.org/W4362500635","https://openalex.org/W4382240273","https://openalex.org/W4385569616","https://openalex.org/W4386076234","https://openalex.org/W4386076243","https://openalex.org/W4393106002","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6764051988","https://openalex.org/W6766773940","https://openalex.org/W6773005947","https://openalex.org/W6776778719","https://openalex.org/W6788870397","https://openalex.org/W6789505266","https://openalex.org/W6796744688","https://openalex.org/W6801830353","https://openalex.org/W6839041728","https://openalex.org/W6849385481","https://openalex.org/W6857316139","https://openalex.org/W6872399578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oriented":[0],"object":[1,34],"detectors":[2,165],"have":[3],"achieved":[4],"great":[5],"success":[6],"in":[7,213],"aerial":[8,29,78,168,217],"detection":[9,35,169],"tasks":[10],"with":[11,186],"the":[12,87,117,133,137,160,178,182],"help":[13],"of":[14,89,163],"ample":[15],"labeled":[16,28,46],"data.":[17],"Unlabeled":[18],"images":[19],"are":[20,72],"easier":[21],"and":[22,47,76,91,111,121,139,172,194,200,215],"less":[23],"expensive":[24],"to":[25,50,61,74,115,129,142,158],"obtain":[26],"than":[27],"images.":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"semi-supervised":[32],"oriented":[33,52,164],"(SSOOD)":[36],"is":[37],"becoming":[38],"a":[39,93,151],"hot":[40],"task,":[41],"which":[42,71],"can":[43,209],"leverage":[44],"both":[45],"unlabeled":[48,155],"data":[49,196],"train":[51],"detectors.":[53],"Most":[54],"SSOOD":[55,90,189],"approaches":[56,60,114],"focus":[57,143],"on":[58,108,145,166,198],"well-designed":[59],"generate":[62],"high-quality":[63],"pseudo":[64],"labels":[65],"(PLs)":[66],"or":[67],"positive":[68,120],"learning":[69,96,207],"regions,":[70],"limited":[73],"complex":[75,216],"variable":[77],"scenes.":[79,218],"This":[80],"study":[81],"first":[82],"analyzes":[83],"key":[84],"factors":[85],"influencing":[86],"performance":[88,161,184],"proposes":[92],"global":[94,109],"focal":[95,100,127],"method":[97,180],"(termed":[98],"as":[99],"teacher)":[101],"without":[102,205],"artificial":[103],"priori":[104],"design.":[105],"It":[106,131],"relies":[107],"region":[110],"soft":[112],"regression":[113],"blur":[116],"boundaries":[118],"between":[119,136],"negative":[122],"samples,":[123],"mainly":[124],"through":[125],"localization":[126,134],"loss":[128],"achieve.":[130],"leverages":[132],"consistency":[135],"teacher":[138],"student":[140],"model":[141],"more":[144],"hard":[146],"regions.":[147],"Moreover,":[148],"we":[149],"organize":[150],"large":[152],"remote":[153],"sensing":[154],"(RSUL)":[156],"dataset":[157],"exploit":[159],"potential":[162],"mainstream":[167,188],"datasets":[170],"(DOTA":[171],"DIOR).":[173],"Adequate":[174],"experiments":[175],"reveal":[176],"that":[177],"proposed":[179],"achieves":[181],"best":[183],"compared":[185],"other":[187],"methods,":[190],"including":[191],"partly,":[192],"fully,":[193],"additional":[195],"settings":[197],"DOTA":[199],"DIOR":[201],"datasets.":[202],"Semi-supervised":[203],"mechanisms":[204],"preset":[206],"regions":[208],"be":[210],"better":[211],"applied":[212],"dense":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}