{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401507823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3437238","title":"Exploring the Impact of Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity on SMAP Excess Surface Emissivity","display_name":"Exploring the Impact of Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity on SMAP Excess Surface Emissivity","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401507823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3437238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3437238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3437238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/68976","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083526496","display_name":"Faozi Sa\u00efd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-8522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105893","display_name":"Global Science & Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01a5ymr35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105893"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faozi Sa\u00efd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Science and Technology, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-8522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Science and Technology, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010864619","display_name":"Zorana Jelenak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0510-2973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133019","display_name":"NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn06t56","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210133019"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zorana Jelenak","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, STAR Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, STAR Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059901615","display_name":"Paul Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5113-0938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308126019","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133019","display_name":"NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn06t56","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210133019"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul S. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, STAR Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5113-0938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, STAR Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024363557","display_name":"Wenqing Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7490-4262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqing Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7490-4262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061867139","display_name":"Alexander G. Fore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-1257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander G. Fore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-1257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085759523","display_name":"Alex Akins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8379-1909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Akins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8379-1909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006211721","display_name":"Simon Yueh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon H. Yueh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-5295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083526496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105893"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3819945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.8536999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.8536999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissivity","display_name":"Emissivity","score":0.8184133172035217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","score":0.7516461610794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6920167207717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6182041168212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity","display_name":"Salinity","score":0.5362275242805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.4519684612751007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.42734912037849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4139918386936188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.38612353801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3821112811565399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3388217091560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.29194197058677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.0856255292892456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.8184133172035217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.7516461610794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6920167207717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6182041168212891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.5362275242805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.4519684612751007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.42734912037849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4139918386936188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.38612353801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3821112811565399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3388217091560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.29194197058677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0856255292892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3437238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3437238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:68976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/68976","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 62, 1-11","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:68976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/68976","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 62, 1-11","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971463507","https://openalex.org/W2017761392","https://openalex.org/W2051103814","https://openalex.org/W2165827997","https://openalex.org/W2171583847","https://openalex.org/W2284188616","https://openalex.org/W2399809112","https://openalex.org/W2518949820","https://openalex.org/W2594784952","https://openalex.org/W3095644137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068804904","https://openalex.org/W2080140811","https://openalex.org/W2899172485","https://openalex.org/W2326191128","https://openalex.org/W1996544059","https://openalex.org/W2294087764","https://openalex.org/W1594760848","https://openalex.org/W2088565663","https://openalex.org/W2104114345","https://openalex.org/W2804745001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"soil":[1],"moisture":[2],"active":[3],"passive":[4],"(SMAP)":[5],"instrument":[6],"has":[7,248],"been":[8],"used":[9],"to":[10,109,142,163,281],"infer":[11],"sea":[12,34,39,73,283],"surface":[13,35,40,51,74,284],"wind":[14,26,136,169],"speed":[15,27,137,170],"from":[16,161],"its":[17],"brightness":[18,45,69,78,118],"temperature":[19,36,70,79,119],"measurements.":[20],"To":[21,113],"do":[22,114],"so,":[23,115],"the":[24,31,48,62,67,72,76,123,158,176,196,208],"SMAP":[25,98,117,147,183,218,272],"retrieval":[28],"process":[29],"requires":[30],"removal":[32],"of":[33,71,80,87],"(sst)":[37],"and":[38,75,111,173,238,255],"salinity":[41],"(sss)":[42],"impact":[43],"on":[44],"temperature.":[46],"Estimating":[47],"so-called":[49],"excess":[50],"emissivity":[52],"(<inline-formula":[53],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[54,100,149,185,220,274],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[55,101,150,186,221,275],"<tex-math":[56,102,151,187,222,276],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\Delta":[57,103,152,188,223,277],"{e}$":[58,104,153,189,224,278],"</tex-math></inline-formula>),":[59],"that":[60,251],"is":[61,84,155,180,213,244],"sst":[63,110,159,177,197,266],"normalized":[64],"difference":[65],"between":[66,171],"measured":[68],"corresponding":[77],"a":[81,90,143,192,260,269],"flat":[82],"surface,":[83],"one":[85],"way":[86],"accomplishing":[88],"such":[89],"task.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93,202],"article,":[94],"we":[95],"investigate":[96],"whether":[97],"<inline-formula":[99,148,184,219,273],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[105,154,190,225,279],"contains":[106],"residual":[107,178],"dependencies":[108],"sss.":[112],"v5.0":[116],"measurements,":[120],"derived":[121],"by":[122],"Jet":[124],"Propulsion":[125],"Laboratory,":[126],"are":[127],"used.":[128],"For":[129,166],"any":[130,167],"fixed":[131,168],"numerical":[132],"weather":[133],"prediction":[134],"model":[135],"above":[138,239],"15":[139,174,240],"m/s,":[140,175,201],"down":[141],"20%":[144],"decrease":[145,194,261,270],"in":[146,262,268,271],"observed":[156],"as":[157,195,227,229],"increases":[160],"274":[162],"304":[164],"K.":[165],"8":[172,200,237,253],"dependence":[179],"weaker":[181],"with":[182,231],"exhibiting":[191],"1%\u20132%":[193],"increases.":[198],"Below":[199],"pattern":[203],"becomes":[204],"prevalent":[205],"again,":[206],"when":[207,242],"significant":[209],"wave":[210],"height":[211],"(Hs)":[212],"greater":[214],"than":[215],"3.5":[216],"m.":[217],"decreases":[226],"much":[228],"50%":[230],"increasing":[232],"sss,":[233],"most":[234],"notably":[235],"below":[236,252],"m/s":[241,254],"Hs":[243],"considered.":[245],"This":[246],"analysis":[247],"also":[249],"shown":[250],"for":[256],"swell":[257],"dominant":[258],"seas,":[259],"either":[263],"sss":[264],"or":[265],"results":[267],"sensitivity":[280],"wind-induced":[282],"roughness.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2024-08-13T00:00:00"}