{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399768361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3416219","title":"Uncertainty-Guided Contrastive Learning for Weakly Supervised Point Cloud Segmentation","display_name":"Uncertainty-Guided Contrastive Learning for Weakly Supervised Point Cloud Segmentation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399768361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3416219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3416219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3416219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040909884","display_name":"Baochen Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7050-5900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baochen Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7050-5900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771361","display_name":"Li Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-8249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052944237","display_name":"Xiaojie Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-7794"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Cowain Automation Technology Company Ltd., Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Cowain Automation Technology Company Ltd., Ningbo, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087622441","display_name":"Kangkang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3563-5670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165339","display_name":"Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nqg3g04","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165339"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangkang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3563-5670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165339","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016795475","display_name":"Diqun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-7276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diqun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-7276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101465378","display_name":"Chengbin Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-2638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengbin Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-2638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Application Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040909884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0159,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96534267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6704239249229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6530175805091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6270314455032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.545207679271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.53058260679245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4697314500808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.44766709208488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.41088348627090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32595014572143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21402522921562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11648458242416382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6704239249229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6530175805091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6270314455032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.545207679271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.53058260679245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4697314500808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.44766709208488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.41088348627090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32595014572143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21402522921562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11648458242416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3416219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3416219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5635024271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802372","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2171590421","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2460657278","https://openalex.org/W2594519801","https://openalex.org/W2963125977","https://openalex.org/W2981952612","https://openalex.org/W2990613095","https://openalex.org/W2997333789","https://openalex.org/W3017056634","https://openalex.org/W3034239841","https://openalex.org/W3109154950","https://openalex.org/W3109944402","https://openalex.org/W3116959466","https://openalex.org/W3118860896","https://openalex.org/W3132888871","https://openalex.org/W3162787701","https://openalex.org/W3168037706","https://openalex.org/W3169120894","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3177450673","https://openalex.org/W3183048323","https://openalex.org/W3185386766","https://openalex.org/W3186678659","https://openalex.org/W3198519842","https://openalex.org/W3198731913","https://openalex.org/W3202349074","https://openalex.org/W3203495808","https://openalex.org/W3210796717","https://openalex.org/W4220840476","https://openalex.org/W4221161877","https://openalex.org/W4221162144","https://openalex.org/W4287388854","https://openalex.org/W4293795076","https://openalex.org/W4294068600","https://openalex.org/W4310493840","https://openalex.org/W4312259052","https://openalex.org/W4312478773","https://openalex.org/W4312616477","https://openalex.org/W4312788649","https://openalex.org/W4312903973","https://openalex.org/W4313056955","https://openalex.org/W4313145913","https://openalex.org/W4313161909","https://openalex.org/W4319300695","https://openalex.org/W4379984978","https://openalex.org/W4382240808","https://openalex.org/W4385154268","https://openalex.org/W4385732438","https://openalex.org/W4386065814","https://openalex.org/W4386071460","https://openalex.org/W4386076243","https://openalex.org/W4390824585","https://openalex.org/W4391425877","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6839446344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three-dimensional":[0],"point":[1,49,69,85,104,182],"cloud":[2,50,105,183],"data":[3,42],"are":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7],"many":[8],"fields,":[9],"as":[10,63],"they":[11],"can":[12,74],"be":[13],"easily":[14],"obtained":[15],"and":[16,40,143,180],"contain":[17],"rich":[18],"semantic":[19],"information.":[20],"Recently,":[21],"weakly":[22,102],"supervised":[23,103],"segmentation":[24,153],"has":[25],"attracted":[26],"lots":[27],"of":[28,48,79,83,122,138,152],"attention,":[29],"because":[30],"it":[31],"only":[32],"requires":[33],"very":[34],"few":[35],"labels,":[36],"thus":[37],"reducing":[38],"time-consuming":[39],"expensive":[41],"annotation":[43],"efforts":[44],"for":[45,66,101],"huge":[46],"amounts":[47],"data.":[51],"The":[52],"existing":[53],"approaches":[54,73],"typically":[55],"adopt":[56],"softmax":[57],"scores":[58],"from":[59],"the":[60,64,76,120,187],"last":[61],"layer":[62],"confidence":[65],"selecting":[67],"high-confident":[68],"predictions.":[70,124],"However,":[71],"such":[72],"ignore":[75],"potential":[77],"value":[78],"a":[80,130,163,171],"large":[81],"number":[82],"low-confidence":[84],"predictions":[86,139,156],"under":[87],"traditional":[88],"metrics.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91,126],"work,":[92],"we":[93,128],"propose":[94,129,162],"an":[95,144],"uncertainty-guided":[96],"contrastive":[97,132,146],"learning":[98,133,147,151],"(UCL)":[99],"framework":[100],"segmentation.":[106],"A":[107],"novel":[108],"uncertainty":[109],"metric":[110],"based":[111],"on":[112,178],"prototype":[113],"entropy":[114],"(PE)":[115],"is":[116],"presented":[117],"to":[118,169],"estimate":[119],"reliability":[121,142],"model":[123],"With":[125],"metric,":[127],"negative":[131,136],"module":[134,148],"exploiting":[135],"pseudo-labels":[137],"with":[140,157],"low":[141],"active":[145],"enhancing":[149],"feature":[150,166],"models":[154],"by":[155],"high":[158],"reliability.":[159],"We":[160],"also":[161],"generic":[164],"multiscale":[165],"perturbation":[167,173],"method":[168,189],"expand":[170],"wider":[172],"space.":[174],"Extensive":[175],"experimental":[176],"results":[177],"indoor":[179],"outdoor":[181],"datasets":[184],"demonstrate":[185],"that":[186],"proposed":[188],"achieves":[190],"competitive":[191],"performance.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
