{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396753474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3398508","title":"Simulated Feasibility of 3-D Lightning Mapping From Space","display_name":"Simulated Feasibility of 3-D Lightning Mapping From Space","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396753474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3398508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3398508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3398508","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10523010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10523010.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078543821","display_name":"Jackson Remington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2952-4919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294504835","display_name":"Marshall Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02epydz83","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackson R. Remington","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA","NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2952-4919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017828719","display_name":"Patrick Gatlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-1457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294504835","display_name":"Marshall Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02epydz83","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick N. Gatlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA","The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-1457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009215830","display_name":"Sarah M. Stough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-9622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194601409","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04j91ny53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194601409"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092927","display_name":"NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00gd1f947","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4210092927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah M. Stough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO), The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO), University of Oklahoma, and National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-9622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO), The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194601409","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO), University of Oklahoma, and National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194601409","https://openalex.org/I8692664","https://openalex.org/I4210092927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052938506","display_name":"Nikhil Pailoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7762-9710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Pailoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063406973","display_name":"Sonja A. Behnke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-867X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonja A. Behnke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-867X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090863264","display_name":"Timothy J. Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-572X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294504835","display_name":"Marshall Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02epydz83","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy J. Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA","The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-572X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294504835"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066780866","display_name":"H. E. Edens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4444-6971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald E. Edens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04912713,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","score":0.7458511590957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.586677074432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-detection","display_name":"Lightning detection","score":0.5835357308387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convective-storm-detection","display_name":"Convective storm detection","score":0.5718350410461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm","display_name":"Storm","score":0.5180726051330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5139777064323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4979989528656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-atmospheric-lightning","display_name":"Upper-atmospheric lightning","score":0.46504274010658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.45956000685691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-weather","display_name":"Space weather","score":0.44289132952690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35694122314453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thunderstorm","display_name":"Thunderstorm","score":0.32221537828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.28594642877578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-strike","display_name":"Lightning strike","score":0.250407338142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14892709255218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13309600949287415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.7458511590957642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.586677074432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780500098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050846","display_name":"Lightning detection","level":3,"score":0.5835357308387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192932206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16951299","display_name":"Convective storm detection","level":3,"score":0.5718350410461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.5180726051330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5139777064323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4979989528656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93805220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1775058","display_name":"Upper-atmospheric lightning","level":4,"score":0.46504274010658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.45956000685691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151325931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584093","display_name":"Space weather","level":2,"score":0.44289132952690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35694122314453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80316258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578","display_name":"Thunderstorm","level":2,"score":0.32221537828445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28594642877578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182236062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15120872","display_name":"Lightning strike","level":3,"score":0.250407338142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14892709255218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13309600949287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3398508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3398508","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10523010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2367511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2367511","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2367511","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:68975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/68975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 62, 1-9","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3398508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3398508","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10523010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2495227331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3039536112","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80MSFC22M0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332376","funder_display_name":"Marshall Space Flight Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5798047407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80MSFC22M0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6995210142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7500863821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8659807574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308963","display_name":"Oak Ridge Associated Universities","ror":"https://ror.org/0526p1y61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332376","display_name":"Marshall Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02epydz83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F5492522930","display_name":"NASA Earth Science Technology Office","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396753474.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529967770","https://openalex.org/W1890612402","https://openalex.org/W1965595694","https://openalex.org/W1966195308","https://openalex.org/W1973018822","https://openalex.org/W1980035230","https://openalex.org/W1982249726","https://openalex.org/W1993191162","https://openalex.org/W1993261362","https://openalex.org/W2000756850","https://openalex.org/W2007427110","https://openalex.org/W2008534879","https://openalex.org/W2009565417","https://openalex.org/W2013805876","https://openalex.org/W2026814595","https://openalex.org/W2027980546","https://openalex.org/W2038536450","https://openalex.org/W2039499759","https://openalex.org/W2040602670","https://openalex.org/W2056103233","https://openalex.org/W2062082461","https://openalex.org/W2076573492","https://openalex.org/W2078735662","https://openalex.org/W2080707859","https://openalex.org/W2081930613","https://openalex.org/W2082362522","https://openalex.org/W2087101216","https://openalex.org/W2099285376","https://openalex.org/W2109345045","https://openalex.org/W2109541362","https://openalex.org/W2111876452","https://openalex.org/W2136370599","https://openalex.org/W2140099768","https://openalex.org/W2140370974","https://openalex.org/W2145696754","https://openalex.org/W2163054576","https://openalex.org/W2172208801","https://openalex.org/W2298444227","https://openalex.org/W2304051821","https://openalex.org/W2317033297","https://openalex.org/W2345036452","https://openalex.org/W2463427291","https://openalex.org/W2500024409","https://openalex.org/W2560778534","https://openalex.org/W2626206922","https://openalex.org/W2787912385","https://openalex.org/W2792582439","https://openalex.org/W2941189716","https://openalex.org/W2957041518","https://openalex.org/W3009293127","https://openalex.org/W3034228486","https://openalex.org/W3036895082","https://openalex.org/W3049587306","https://openalex.org/W3091769964","https://openalex.org/W3095198038","https://openalex.org/W3111761298","https://openalex.org/W3126149633","https://openalex.org/W3184199335","https://openalex.org/W3185764383","https://openalex.org/W3189647123","https://openalex.org/W3207253398","https://openalex.org/W4200605783","https://openalex.org/W4206644072","https://openalex.org/W4225000224","https://openalex.org/W4281841903","https://openalex.org/W4293797807","https://openalex.org/W4323043481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790059398","https://openalex.org/W2081751326","https://openalex.org/W2035271611","https://openalex.org/W4385257820","https://openalex.org/W1904377471","https://openalex.org/W828582668","https://openalex.org/W3195269899","https://openalex.org/W1825654728","https://openalex.org/W1945368726","https://openalex.org/W2163267203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"addition":[1],"to":[2,30,35,64,74,129,147],"the":[3,10,68,87,139,185,192,215],"awe":[4],"it":[5],"inspires,":[6],"lightning":[7,23,49,72,92,112,159,209],"can":[8,160],"illuminate":[9],"microphysical":[11],"processes":[12],"hidden":[13],"away":[14],"within":[15],"deep":[16],"convection.":[17],"The":[18,197],"current":[19],"generation":[20],"of":[21,46,67,71,86,89,100,132,143,154,183,187,199,208,214,223],"space-based":[22],"mapping":[24,93,113,207],"uses":[25],"mostly":[26],"2-D":[27],"optical":[28],"imaging":[29],"connect":[31],"overall":[32],"flash":[33],"characteristics":[34],"their":[36],"parent":[37],"storm":[38],"dynamics,":[39],"but":[40,227],"are":[41,108],"missing":[42],"a":[43,84,95,125,166],"dimension\u2019s":[44],"worth":[45],"information.":[47],"With":[48],"now":[50],"classified":[51],"as":[52,175,177],"an":[53],"essential":[54],"climate":[55,78,232],"variable,":[56],"future":[57],"spaceborne":[58,205],"mappers":[59],"will":[60],"need":[61],"improved":[62],"capabilities":[63],"take":[65],"advantage":[66],"3-D":[69,91,164,206],"structure":[70],"flashes":[73],"support":[75],"meteorological":[76],"and":[77,121,141,150,234],"modeling.":[79],"We":[80,137],"report":[81],"here":[82],"on":[83],"study":[85,156,201],"feasibility":[88],"high-resolution":[90],"using":[94,110,124,174],"radio":[96],"frequency":[97],"(RF)-based":[98],"network":[99],"satellites":[101,179],"from":[102],"low-Earth":[103],"orbit":[104],"(LEO).":[105],"Lightning":[106],"sources":[107,131],"simulated":[109],"existing":[111,148],"array":[114],"(LMA)":[115],"tools,":[116],"modified":[117],"for":[118,220],"orbital":[119,149],"detection,":[120],"spatially":[122],"reconstructed":[123],"Levenberg\u2013Marquardt":[126],"geolocation":[127],"algorithm":[128],"assess":[130],"uncertainty":[133],"in":[134,163,180,191],"these":[135],"solutions.":[136],"analyze":[138],"benefits":[140],"limitations":[142],"this":[144,155,200],"approach":[145],"compared":[146],"ground-based":[151],"methods.":[152],"Results":[153],"show":[157],"that":[158,203],"be":[161],"mapped":[162],"with":[165],"vertical":[167],"location":[168],"accuracy":[169],"better":[170],"than":[171],"2":[172],"km":[173],"few":[176],"five":[178],"LEO":[181],"capable":[182],"measuring":[184],"time-of-arrival":[186],"impulsive":[188],"RF":[189],"signals":[190],"very":[193],"high-frequency":[194],"(VHF)":[195],"band.":[196],"consequence":[198],"is":[202,210],"high-resolution,":[204],"achievable":[211],"across":[212],"most":[213],"globe,":[216],"having":[217],"crucial":[218],"implications":[219],"our":[221],"understanding":[222],"not":[224],"only":[225],"lightning,":[226],"also":[228],"severe":[229],"weather":[230],"development,":[231],"science,":[233],"more.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2024-05-09T00:00:00"}
