{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396523238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3395478","title":"Diffusion-Based Continuous Feature Representation for Infrared Small-Dim Target Detection","display_name":"Diffusion-Based Continuous Feature Representation for Infrared Small-Dim Target Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396523238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3395478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3395478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3395478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048533373","display_name":"Linyu Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3209-1496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linyu Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3209-1496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086977108","display_name":"Yingying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3748-1191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3748-1191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041196970","display_name":"Guoliang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-9538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoliang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450450","display_name":"Feifei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-267X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088927833","display_name":"Yuhang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8974-8905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hui Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7752-1919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7752-1919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100964557","display_name":"Changqing Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135723","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/02txedb84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772804","display_name":"Yue Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-9400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-9400","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052820597","display_name":"Xinghao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-5287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-5287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.1149,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99538741,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7308124899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7063390016555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.644917905330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6103715896606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5809667110443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5372687578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5262959599494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.46607112884521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4172830879688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32405972480773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07396584749221802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7308124899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7063390016555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.644917905330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6103715896606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5809667110443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5372687578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5262959599494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.46607112884521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4172830879688263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32405972480773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07396584749221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3395478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3395478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4629629349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82272071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4851854195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271430","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5115423372","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u6c34\u4e0b\u5149\u5b66\u56fe\u50cf\u76ee\u6807\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5339618318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82172033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6130862679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7418738665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52105126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1987691646","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2051185466","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2741058951","https://openalex.org/W2790021535","https://openalex.org/W2904893761","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2942839421","https://openalex.org/W2963627347","https://openalex.org/W2973776890","https://openalex.org/W2981657250","https://openalex.org/W2995132755","https://openalex.org/W3009993648","https://openalex.org/W3010079414","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3092404985","https://openalex.org/W3107508791","https://openalex.org/W3114023223","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3133742914","https://openalex.org/W3145563919","https://openalex.org/W3155072588","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W3174865552","https://openalex.org/W3175528029","https://openalex.org/W4200150166","https://openalex.org/W4212863773","https://openalex.org/W4289656174","https://openalex.org/W4292851291","https://openalex.org/W4312293341","https://openalex.org/W4312472971","https://openalex.org/W4312907595","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4313855945","https://openalex.org/W4317794940","https://openalex.org/W4360884927","https://openalex.org/W4362500629","https://openalex.org/W4365420633","https://openalex.org/W4366668641","https://openalex.org/W4376478071","https://openalex.org/W4382998723","https://openalex.org/W4384519318","https://openalex.org/W4384519474","https://openalex.org/W4386076368","https://openalex.org/W4387490583","https://openalex.org/W4387969438","https://openalex.org/W6681435938","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6779753539","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6780179280","https://openalex.org/W6784430519","https://openalex.org/W6785302134","https://openalex.org/W6786375611","https://openalex.org/W6797359156","https://openalex.org/W6802200016","https://openalex.org/W6805335523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390516098","https://openalex.org/W2181948922","https://openalex.org/W2384362569","https://openalex.org/W2142795561","https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W2905271011","https://openalex.org/W3164948662","https://openalex.org/W4289536128","https://openalex.org/W3153597579","https://openalex.org/W4298151006"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small-dim":[1,75,203],"target":[2,76,85,204],"detection":[3,29,77],"plays":[4],"a":[5,56,94,103,147],"pivotal":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,33,37,43,102,146,201],"missions":[9],"involving":[10],"rescue,":[11],"surveillance,":[12],"and":[13,41,73,127,138,158,167,182,196],"early":[14],"warning":[15],"systems.":[16],"Despite":[17],"remarkable":[18],"strides":[19],"made":[20],"by":[21],"existing":[22],"methods,":[23,192],"certain":[24],"limitations":[25],"still":[26],"hinder":[27],"the":[28,108,134,153,189,194],"accuracy,":[30],"including":[31],"deficiency":[32],"high-resolution":[34,69,115],"representation,":[35,117],"inadequacy":[36],"addressing":[38],"dim":[39,137],"targets,":[40,140],"difficulty":[42],"tackling":[44],"low-contrast":[45],"targets":[46,101,157],"against":[47],"complex":[48],"backgrounds.":[49],"To":[50,132],"overcome":[51],"these":[52],"limitations,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"diffusion-based":[57,67],"continuous":[58,68],"feature":[59,70,116,124,129,165],"representation":[60,71,91],"network":[61],"(DCFR-Net),":[62],"comprising":[63],"two":[64],"crucial":[65],"branches:":[66],"(DCHFR)":[72],"infrared":[74,100,156,202],"(ISDTD).":[78],"Specifically,":[79],"to":[80,113,151],"precisely":[81],"capture":[82],"extremely":[83],"small":[84],"contours,":[86],"DCHFR":[87,112],"integrates":[88],"implicit":[89,123],"neural":[90],"(INR)":[92],"into":[93,121],"conditional":[95],"denoising":[96],"diffusion":[97],"model,":[98],"super-resolving":[99],"self-supervised":[104],"strategy.":[105],"ISDTD":[106],"leverages":[107],"shared":[109],"encoder":[110],"from":[111],"construct":[114],"which":[118],"is":[119],"fed":[120],"multi-scale":[122],"alignment":[125],"(MIFA)":[126],"spatial-frequency":[128,164],"interaction":[130,166],"(SFFI).":[131],"alleviate":[133],"impact":[135],"of":[136,179,198],"vulnerable":[139],"MIFA":[141],"delicately":[142],"aggregates":[143],"different-layer":[144],"features":[145],"resolution-free":[148],"manner.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"enhance":[152],"contrast":[154],"between":[155],"intricate":[159],"backgrounds,":[160],"SFFI":[161],"achieves":[162],"profound":[163],"global-local":[168],"receptive":[169],"field":[170],"mixture.":[171],"Extensive":[172],"experiments":[173],"conducted":[174],"on":[175],"three":[176],"challenging":[177],"datasets":[178],"NUAA-SIRST,":[180],"IRSTD-1k":[181],"NUDT-SIRST":[183],"reveal":[184],"that":[185],"our":[186,199],"DCFR-Net":[187],"outperforms":[188],"state-of-the-art":[190],"(SOTA)":[191],"demonstrating":[193],"superiority":[195],"robustness":[197],"approach":[200],"detection.":[205],"Code":[206],"will":[207],"be":[208],"available":[209],"at":[210],"https://github.com/flyannie/DCFR-Net.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}