{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395029134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3392241","title":"Error Propagation and Error Mitigation of Multitrack InSAR Observations to 3-D Surface Deformation Estimates","display_name":"Error Propagation and Error Mitigation of Multitrack InSAR Observations to 3-D Surface Deformation Estimates","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395029134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3392241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3392241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3392241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061115927","display_name":"Lele Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-6523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lele Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108578399","display_name":"Wenhui Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8910-003X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101741978","display_name":"Zhiwei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5104-8811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101340743","display_name":"Xiaolan Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolan Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021862144","display_name":"Qiming Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-064X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiming Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089113320","display_name":"Yongxiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2988-1840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088385860","display_name":"Pingping Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-1183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingping Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061115927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9893,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95933954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8305016756057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5452088713645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.5179082751274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.46599069237709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.46215301752090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4386492371559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-of-uncertainty","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","score":0.4369690418243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.3873399496078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26933443546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16463053226470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12163558602333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.11235752701759338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.8305016756057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5452088713645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5179082751274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.46599069237709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.46215301752090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4386492371559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.4369690418243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.3873399496078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26933443546295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16463053226470947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12163558602333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11235752701759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3392241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3392241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7887940337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42061068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8125685149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540501767","https://openalex.org/W1549530671","https://openalex.org/W1664171571","https://openalex.org/W2009259213","https://openalex.org/W2014096270","https://openalex.org/W2036671702","https://openalex.org/W2043822448","https://openalex.org/W2044200056","https://openalex.org/W2065219340","https://openalex.org/W2073835183","https://openalex.org/W2087208682","https://openalex.org/W2092788424","https://openalex.org/W2095156493","https://openalex.org/W2131434734","https://openalex.org/W2144147948","https://openalex.org/W2144819091","https://openalex.org/W2148505991","https://openalex.org/W2152189873","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2156722512","https://openalex.org/W2158164858","https://openalex.org/W2187369556","https://openalex.org/W2341477230","https://openalex.org/W2515553151","https://openalex.org/W2587856543","https://openalex.org/W2614298468","https://openalex.org/W2617690229","https://openalex.org/W2773599319","https://openalex.org/W2892096864","https://openalex.org/W2895999471","https://openalex.org/W2911302579","https://openalex.org/W2946107359","https://openalex.org/W2948493558","https://openalex.org/W2976715433","https://openalex.org/W2981305283","https://openalex.org/W3003161840","https://openalex.org/W3004533965","https://openalex.org/W3011794781","https://openalex.org/W3015701565","https://openalex.org/W3021149970","https://openalex.org/W3023773739","https://openalex.org/W3121673086","https://openalex.org/W3125527046","https://openalex.org/W3181442731","https://openalex.org/W4249744610","https://openalex.org/W4319789141","https://openalex.org/W6636709168","https://openalex.org/W6687896730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790032735","https://openalex.org/W2373310320","https://openalex.org/W2781934594","https://openalex.org/W4384163768","https://openalex.org/W4385499758","https://openalex.org/W4400088992","https://openalex.org/W2387499565","https://openalex.org/W4382365962","https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2159160885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Three-dimensional":[0],"(3-D)":[1],"deformation":[2,142,163,200],"could":[3],"be":[4],"resolved":[5,201],"using":[6,130],"multi-track":[7,79,154],"Interferometric":[8],"Synthetic":[9],"Aperture":[10],"Radar":[11],"(InSAR),":[12],"with":[13,164],"the":[14,18,28,38,45,74,78,83,100,108,117,146,159,168,189,214,222,227,238],"accuracy":[15],"dependent":[16],"on":[17,153],"magnitude":[19],"of":[20,30,77,161,198],"multi-source":[21],"errors":[22,97,229],"within":[23],"InSAR":[24,80,127,134,155,176],"measurements.":[25],"To":[26],"improve":[27,158],"precision":[29,160,197],"3-D":[31,52,84,141,162,183,194,199],"deformation,":[32],"it":[33],"is":[34],"essential":[35],"to":[36,157,181,208,232],"understand":[37],"error":[39,49,61,70,75,88,93,113,191],"propagation":[40,62,89,192],"mechanism":[41],"and":[42,68,94,102,123,132,149,174,187,193,211,217,235,241],"then":[43],"develop":[44],"methodology":[46],"for":[47],"reducing":[48],"impacts":[50],"in":[51,82,99,185,213,237],"decomposition":[53],"processing.":[54],"In":[55,167],"this":[56],"article,":[57],"we":[58,115,137,171],"present":[59],"an":[60],"model":[63],"that":[64],"incorporates":[65],"both":[66],"systematic":[67,87,92,96],"stochastic":[69,112,228],"propagation,":[71,114],"which":[72],"determines":[73],"contribution":[76],"measurements":[81,128],"direction.":[85],"The":[86,196],"includes":[90],"generic":[91],"additional":[95],"(ASE)":[98],"vertical":[101],"east":[103],"directions":[104],"caused":[105],"by":[106,120,202,206,230],"neglecting":[107],"north":[109,218,242],"component.":[110],"For":[111],"construct":[116],"covariance":[118,147],"matrix":[119,148],"considering":[121],"variance":[122],"correlation":[124],"from":[125,178],"different":[126],"when":[129],"differential":[131],"multi-temporal":[133],"techniques.":[135],"Accordingly,":[136],"propose":[138],"a":[139],"new":[140],"inversion":[143],"method,":[144],"combining":[145],"L2-norm":[150],"regularization":[151],"based":[152],"(CovRM-InSAR)":[156],"noise":[165],"reduction.":[166],"case":[169],"study,":[170],"applied":[172],"Sentinel-1A":[173],"ALOS-2":[175],"datasets":[177],"four":[179],"tracks":[180],"map":[182],"velocity":[184],"Wuhai":[186],"analyzed":[188],"time-series":[190],"uncertainty.":[195],"CovRM-InSAR":[203,223],"has":[204,224],"improved":[205],"up":[207,231],"90%,":[209],"44%,":[210],"98%":[212],"vertical,":[215,239],"east,":[216,240],"directions,":[219,243],"respectively.":[220,244],"Additionally,":[221],"effectively":[225],"reduced":[226],"38%,":[233],"15%,":[234],"90%":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}