{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392543758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3374954","title":"CAT: Center Attention Transformer With Stratified Spatial\u2013Spectral Token for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"CAT: Center Attention Transformer With Stratified Spatial\u2013Spectral Token for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392543758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3374954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3374954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3374954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101609903","display_name":"Jiaqi Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4185-3856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Astronautics 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dist, Beihang University, Beijing, CN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4185-3856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dist, Beihang University, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024164148","display_name":"Qixiong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixiong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Astronautics 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dist, Beihang University, Beijing, CN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dist, Beihang University, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001420166","display_name":"Guangyun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-9553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Remote Sensing, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China","Center of Remote Sensing, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-9553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Remote Sensing, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Remote Sensing, NO.30 Puzhu Road(S), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024631382","display_name":"Xiuping Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-6382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuping Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-6382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068122673","display_name":"Jihao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-0193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Astronautics 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dist, Beihang University, Beijing, CN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-0193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Dist, Beihang University, Beijing, CN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101609903"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9831297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9235000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9235000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8328068256378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5194029808044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5190154314041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46453720331192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4490736126899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4392446279525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.42100659012794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39293134212493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35366034507751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.27450674772262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25462064146995544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8328068256378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5194029808044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5190154314041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46453720331192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4490736126899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4392446279525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.42100659012794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39293134212493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35366034507751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27450674772262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25462064146995544}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3374954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3374954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7480179662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022ZD0117400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1875842236","https://openalex.org/W1938929646","https://openalex.org/W1994938019","https://openalex.org/W2022470997","https://openalex.org/W2067532478","https://openalex.org/W2068067793","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2145862305","https://openalex.org/W2171171329","https://openalex.org/W2499682827","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2548776929","https://openalex.org/W2558391528","https://openalex.org/W2766528611","https://openalex.org/W2779530678","https://openalex.org/W2808098982","https://openalex.org/W2904854801","https://openalex.org/W2952956606","https://openalex.org/W2971432438","https://openalex.org/W2989871747","https://openalex.org/W3014628500","https://openalex.org/W3024007459","https://openalex.org/W3043181422","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3105357426","https://openalex.org/W3137868257","https://openalex.org/W3171853541","https://openalex.org/W3181729304","https://openalex.org/W3194691225","https://openalex.org/W3205965083","https://openalex.org/W3214821343","https://openalex.org/W4210794570","https://openalex.org/W4220853886","https://openalex.org/W4282934494","https://openalex.org/W4285124290","https://openalex.org/W4285214186","https://openalex.org/W4291910345","https://openalex.org/W4292553536","https://openalex.org/W4294068665","https://openalex.org/W4296127101","https://openalex.org/W4296339430","https://openalex.org/W4306955484","https://openalex.org/W4312772581","https://openalex.org/W4319069095","https://openalex.org/W4382203304","https://openalex.org/W4386634481","https://openalex.org/W4387682053","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W1991437568","https://openalex.org/W2317401237","https://openalex.org/W1990800631","https://openalex.org/W2167120702","https://openalex.org/W2579567122","https://openalex.org/W2614621130","https://openalex.org/W4289655544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"hyperspectral":[1],"image":[2,105],"(HSI)":[3],"classification":[4],"methods":[5],"rely":[6],"on":[7,175,184],"square":[8,25,109],"patch":[9,26,46,144],"sampling":[10,27,83],"to":[11,88,102,112,136],"incorporate":[12],"spatial":[13,180],"information,":[14],"thereby":[15],"facilitating":[16],"the":[17,21,35,53,67,90,114,142,176,189],"label":[18,36],"prediction":[19,37],"of":[20,38,55,62,92,168,191,202],"center":[22,39,50,177],"pixel.":[23,40],"However,":[24],"introduces":[28],"numerous":[29],"heterogeneous":[30,93],"pixels,":[31,94],"which":[32,126],"could":[33],"distort":[34],"Moreover,":[41],"it":[42],"generates":[43,127],"fixed":[44],"training":[45,63,115,129],"sample":[47],"for":[48,84,117],"each":[49],"pixel,":[51],"hampering":[52],"performance":[54,190],"transformer-based":[56],"models":[57],"requiring":[58],"a":[59],"large":[60],"number":[61],"data.":[64],"To":[65],"address":[66],"above":[68],"problems,":[69],"we":[70,95,119,146],"proposed":[71,193],"Center":[72,154],"Attention":[73,155],"Transformer":[74,156],"(CAT)":[75],"with":[76,158],"stratified":[77],"spatial-spectral":[78],"token":[79],"generated":[80],"by":[81],"superpixel":[82],"HSI":[85,186],"classification.":[86],"Firstly,":[87],"mitigate":[89],"inference":[91],"propose":[96,120,147],"Sampling":[97,124],"From":[98],"Superpixel":[99],"Region":[100],"mechanism":[101,152],"generate":[103],"purer":[104],"cubes":[106],"than":[107],"traditional":[108],"neighborhood.":[110],"Secondly,":[111],"expand":[113],"data":[116],"transformer,":[118],"Multiple":[121],"Stratified":[122],"Random":[123],"mechanism,":[125],"ample":[128],"samples":[130],"without":[131],"introducing":[132],"additional":[133],"labels.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"more":[137,173],"effectively":[138],"extract":[139,165],"information":[140,170],"from":[141],"sampled":[143],"tokens,":[145],"Spatial":[148],"Spectral":[149],"Token":[150],"Generation":[151],"and":[153,171],"structure":[157],"Gaussian":[159],"Positional":[160],"Embedding.":[161],"This":[162],"framework":[163],"can":[164],"long-range":[166],"correlations":[167],"spectral":[169],"pay":[172],"attention":[174],"pixel":[178],"in":[179],"dimension.":[181],"Experimental":[182],"results":[183],"three":[185],"datasets":[187],"demonstrate":[188],"our":[192],"method":[194],"CAT":[195],"outperforms":[196],"several":[197],"state-of-the-art":[198],"methods.":[199],"The":[200],"code":[201],"this":[203],"work":[204],"is":[205],"available":[206],"at":[207],"https://github.com/fengjiaqi927/CAT-Center_Attention_Transformer.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}