{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392450240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3373643","title":"Real-Time Seismic Intensity Prediction Using Self-Supervised Contrastive GNN for Earthquake Early Warning","display_name":"Real-Time Seismic Intensity Prediction Using Self-Supervised Contrastive GNN for Earthquake Early Warning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392450240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3373643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3373643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3373643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004835834","display_name":"Rafid Umayer Murshed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-4336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafid Umayer Murshed","raw_affiliation_strings":["BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (JIDPUS), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-4336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (JIDPUS), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092346470","display_name":"Kazi Noshin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazi Noshin","raw_affiliation_strings":["BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (JIDPUS), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (JIDPUS), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013524748","display_name":"Md. Anu Zakaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6855-7361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Anu Zakaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (JIDPUS), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6855-7361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (JIDPUS), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008364257","display_name":"Md. Forkan Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-4295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Forkan Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-4295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029001976","display_name":"A. F. M. S. Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-9486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. F. M. Saiful Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (JIDPUS), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-9486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety (JIDPUS), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000819439","display_name":"Mohammed Eunus Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-7616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Eunus Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-7616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004835834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2784,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97900822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.5853027701377869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5107917785644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earthquake-prediction","display_name":"Earthquake prediction","score":0.5021183490753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.4878268539905548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4361465871334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.3796117305755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3702818751335144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5853027701377869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5107917785644531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11097651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q606654","display_name":"Earthquake prediction","level":2,"score":0.5021183490753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.4878268539905548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4361465871334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.3796117305755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3702818751335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3373643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3373643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4168521626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-01-027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325821","funder_display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325821","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602601224","https://openalex.org/W1963599076","https://openalex.org/W1980914392","https://openalex.org/W2029908339","https://openalex.org/W2044934736","https://openalex.org/W2052953912","https://openalex.org/W2083473856","https://openalex.org/W2134181680","https://openalex.org/W2135566483","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2318603683","https://openalex.org/W2558748708","https://openalex.org/W2624407581","https://openalex.org/W2762410434","https://openalex.org/W2769157598","https://openalex.org/W2789621234","https://openalex.org/W2794417179","https://openalex.org/W2799565130","https://openalex.org/W2805516822","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2887003841","https://openalex.org/W2900508437","https://openalex.org/W2903747695","https://openalex.org/W2914736117","https://openalex.org/W2937747728","https://openalex.org/W2950898568","https://openalex.org/W2962946486","https://openalex.org/W2980395728","https://openalex.org/W2987173766","https://openalex.org/W3006351417","https://openalex.org/W3008194092","https://openalex.org/W3035088565","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3035647460","https://openalex.org/W3035649237","https://openalex.org/W3081295916","https://openalex.org/W3084541745","https://openalex.org/W3102041920","https://openalex.org/W3134912477","https://openalex.org/W3136021864","https://openalex.org/W3163676459","https://openalex.org/W3210686732","https://openalex.org/W3213239025","https://openalex.org/W4214925312","https://openalex.org/W4224280947","https://openalex.org/W4226248141","https://openalex.org/W4252201248","https://openalex.org/W4281781171","https://openalex.org/W4285820546","https://openalex.org/W4293298413","https://openalex.org/W4293702644","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W4309502656","https://openalex.org/W4322627364","https://openalex.org/W4362564121","https://openalex.org/W4365131937","https://openalex.org/W4366813790","https://openalex.org/W4387247304","https://openalex.org/W4388002761","https://openalex.org/W4393479738","https://openalex.org/W4393486237","https://openalex.org/W4401509443","https://openalex.org/W6685350579","https://openalex.org/W6690815549","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6751796012","https://openalex.org/W6774366959","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6780017182","https://openalex.org/W6861408732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2973880684","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2031481447","https://openalex.org/W2371882920","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W4235651473","https://openalex.org/W2381637982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seismic":[0,70],"intensity":[1,50,80],"prediction":[2,51,81],"from":[3,90],"early":[4],"or":[5],"initial":[6,87,143],"seismic":[7,13,79,88,93,117,157],"waves":[8],"received":[9],"by":[10],"a":[11,53,65,83,91,103,113,125,168],"few":[12,92],"stations":[14],"can":[15],"enhance":[16],"Earthquake":[17],"Early":[18],"Warning":[19],"(EEW)":[20],"systems,":[21],"particularly":[22],"in":[23,56,171],"ground":[24],"motion-based":[25],"approaches":[26],"like":[27],"PLUM.":[28],"While":[29],"many":[30],"operational":[31],"EEW":[32,214],"systems":[33],"currently":[34],"utilize":[35],"point-source-based":[36],"models":[37],"that":[38],"estimate":[39],"the":[40,132,177,197],"warning":[41],"area":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44,154],"magnitude":[45],"and":[46,58,120,123,138,176,187,193],"distance":[47],"measures,":[48],"direct":[49],"offers":[52],"potential":[54],"improvement":[55],"accuracy":[57],"reliability.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"novel":[66],"deep":[67],"learning":[68,128],"approach,":[69],"Contrastive":[71],"Graph":[72],"Neural":[73],"Network":[74],"(SC-GNN),":[75],"for":[76,212],"highly":[77],"accurate":[78],"using":[82,141],"small":[84],"portion":[85],"of":[86,98,147,181],"waveforms":[89],"stations.":[94],"The":[95,145],"SC-GNN":[96,198],"consists":[97],"two":[99],"key":[100],"components:":[101],"(i)":[102],"graph":[104],"neural":[105],"network":[106,133],"(GNN)":[107],"to":[108,130],"propagate":[109],"spatiotemporal":[110],"information":[111],"through":[112,152],"graph-like":[114],"structure":[115],"representing":[116],"station":[118],"distribution":[119],"wave":[121],"propagation,":[122],"(ii)":[124],"self-supervised":[126],"contrastive":[127],"component":[129],"train":[131],"with":[134,204],"larger":[135],"time":[136],"windows":[137],"enable":[139],"predictions":[140],"shorter":[142],"waveforms.":[144],"efficacy":[146],"our":[148],"approach":[149],"is":[150],"demonstrated":[151],"experiments":[153],"three":[155],"real-world":[156],"datasets,":[158],"where":[159],"it":[160,209],"shows":[161],"superior":[162,201],"performance":[163,202],"over":[164],"existing":[165],"techniques,":[166],"including":[167],"significant":[169],"reduction":[170],"mean":[172],"squared":[173],"error":[174],"(MSE)":[175],"lowest":[178],"standard":[179],"deviation":[180],"error,":[182],"indicating":[183],"its":[184],"robustness,":[185],"reliability,":[186],"strong":[188],"positive":[189],"relationship":[190],"between":[191],"predicted":[192],"actual":[194],"values.":[195],"Notably,":[196],"model":[199],"maintains":[200],"even":[203],"5s":[205],"input":[206],"waveforms,":[207],"making":[208],"especially":[210],"suitable":[211],"enhancing":[213],"applications.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2024-03-06T00:00:00"}