{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392399545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3369723","title":"A Review of Building Extraction From Remote Sensing Imagery: Geometrical Structures and Semantic Attributes","display_name":"A Review of Building Extraction From Remote Sensing Imagery: Geometrical Structures and Semantic Attributes","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392399545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3369723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3369723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3369723","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10458126.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10458126.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624316","display_name":"Qingyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-1222"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024379450","display_name":"Lichao Mou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-6413"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lichao Mou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649796","display_name":"Yao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-1527"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-1527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090543058","display_name":"Yuansheng Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-2920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuansheng Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Traffic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-2920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Traffic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061007704","display_name":"Yilei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7386-0026"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111015066","display_name":"Xiao Xiang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-9096"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Xiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-9096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit&#x00E4;t M&#x00FC;nchen (TUM), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0872,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98366981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6895516514778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6434579491615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.5050838589668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42679911851882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3690803349018097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36393803358078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2614123225212097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6895516514778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6434579491615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5050838589668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42679911851882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3690803349018097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36393803358078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2614123225212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3369723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3369723","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10458126.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3369723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3369723","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10458126.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G623313952","display_name":"K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz in der Erdbeobachtung: Schlussfolgern, Unsicherheiten, Ethik und dar\u00fcber hinaus","funder_award_id":"01DD20001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323383","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392399545.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392399545.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":190,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590418135","https://openalex.org/W609993436","https://openalex.org/W1004318547","https://openalex.org/W1519856694","https://openalex.org/W1760758944","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1975520234","https://openalex.org/W1976827068","https://openalex.org/W1981934656","https://openalex.org/W1983807952","https://openalex.org/W1993981697","https://openalex.org/W2003855843","https://openalex.org/W2009760306","https://openalex.org/W2015619014","https://openalex.org/W2015780366","https://openalex.org/W2017169137","https://openalex.org/W2021342052","https://openalex.org/W2026723939","https://openalex.org/W2042518273","https://openalex.org/W2047254338","https://openalex.org/W2056316363","https://openalex.org/W2058436841","https://openalex.org/W2065429801","https://openalex.org/W2068618411","https://openalex.org/W2076131212","https://openalex.org/W2080518886","https://openalex.org/W2082801088","https://openalex.org/W2085041112","https://openalex.org/W2086016807","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2092522513","https://openalex.org/W2103054881","https://openalex.org/W2115451191","https://openalex.org/W2119764380","https://openalex.org/W2124260943","https://openalex.org/W2126077476","https://openalex.org/W2128978665","https://openalex.org/W2129265445","https://openalex.org/W2129348473","https://openalex.org/W2135228726","https://openalex.org/W2192859287","https://openalex.org/W2243403173","https://openalex.org/W2252268321","https://openalex.org/W2325135786","https://openalex.org/W2326674917","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2412983935","https://openalex.org/W2470139095","https://openalex.org/W2534517308","https://openalex.org/W2552440277","https://openalex.org/W2557169159","https://openalex.org/W2559545830","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2608025629","https://openalex.org/W2609825896","https://openalex.org/W2620739303","https://openalex.org/W2727721695","https://openalex.org/W2742820159","https://openalex.org/W2755226765","https://openalex.org/W2767802855","https://openalex.org/W2771852828","https://openalex.org/W2780517933","https://openalex.org/W2790741584","https://openalex.org/W2807323495","https://openalex.org/W2885628263","https://openalex.org/W2888799854","https://openalex.org/W2889580060","https://openalex.org/W2890072312","https://openalex.org/W2894877634","https://openalex.org/W2897593716","https://openalex.org/W2897936062","https://openalex.org/W2900765460","https://openalex.org/W2903669122","https://openalex.org/W2905332579","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2916172883","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2944679233","https://openalex.org/W2946408230","https://openalex.org/W2949763629","https://openalex.org/W2952424961","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963406768","https://openalex.org/W2971095420","https://openalex.org/W2979314512","https://openalex.org/W2980346985","https://openalex.org/W2981989409","https://openalex.org/W2982206001","https://openalex.org/W2983367914","https://openalex.org/W2984066748","https://openalex.org/W2987910054","https://openalex.org/W2989491750","https://openalex.org/W2991441757","https://openalex.org/W2994342516","https://openalex.org/W2996327453","https://openalex.org/W3003696569","https://openalex.org/W3006570158","https://openalex.org/W3013118461","https://openalex.org/W3014055653","https://openalex.org/W3015373233","https://openalex.org/W3015756600","https://openalex.org/W3021057985","https://openalex.org/W3035003562","https://openalex.org/W3040168573","https://openalex.org/W3040883240","https://openalex.org/W3048159371","https://openalex.org/W3053564872","https://openalex.org/W3093844393","https://openalex.org/W3095691842","https://openalex.org/W3102253155","https://openalex.org/W3121449353","https://openalex.org/W3122259118","https://openalex.org/W3126435384","https://openalex.org/W3127104941","https://openalex.org/W3132372098","https://openalex.org/W3133962853","https://openalex.org/W3139912591","https://openalex.org/W3144332889","https://openalex.org/W3153459491","https://openalex.org/W3156493806","https://openalex.org/W3157062364","https://openalex.org/W3157192212","https://openalex.org/W3158154925","https://openalex.org/W3163631062","https://openalex.org/W3168330079","https://openalex.org/W3171450708","https://openalex.org/W3172435473","https://openalex.org/W3173005423","https://openalex.org/W3180799764","https://openalex.org/W3190771647","https://openalex.org/W3193314818","https://openalex.org/W3194506987","https://openalex.org/W3197615469","https://openalex.org/W3199747600","https://openalex.org/W3201728519","https://openalex.org/W3202687382","https://openalex.org/W3203230094","https://openalex.org/W3203589246","https://openalex.org/W3206132197","https://openalex.org/W3208306314","https://openalex.org/W3209695792","https://openalex.org/W3210281071","https://openalex.org/W3212929509","https://openalex.org/W3216244838","https://openalex.org/W3217355560","https://openalex.org/W3217745064","https://openalex.org/W4200142374","https://openalex.org/W4221107766","https://openalex.org/W4224301858","https://openalex.org/W4230386489","https://openalex.org/W4250819038","https://openalex.org/W4251335569","https://openalex.org/W4280634305","https://openalex.org/W4282553729","https://openalex.org/W4283697304","https://openalex.org/W4283725744","https://openalex.org/W4285752776","https://openalex.org/W4286373459","https://openalex.org/W4288262766","https://openalex.org/W4288901840","https://openalex.org/W4289639938","https://openalex.org/W4289932046","https://openalex.org/W4290755378","https://openalex.org/W4292793893","https://openalex.org/W4293147349","https://openalex.org/W4306165740","https://openalex.org/W4307106522","https://openalex.org/W4310582166","https://openalex.org/W4311088167","https://openalex.org/W4311770744","https://openalex.org/W4312361537","https://openalex.org/W4312708101","https://openalex.org/W4312798305","https://openalex.org/W4313014573","https://openalex.org/W4361195764","https://openalex.org/W4362449408","https://openalex.org/W4367663309","https://openalex.org/W4376481113","https://openalex.org/W4376650895","https://openalex.org/W4377079812","https://openalex.org/W4378009733","https://openalex.org/W4378895180","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4394933578","https://openalex.org/W6618701893","https://openalex.org/W6631045619","https://openalex.org/W6691441656","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6766432441","https://openalex.org/W6999631915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W2085738998","https://openalex.org/W2095126257","https://openalex.org/W2031511989","https://openalex.org/W2377297411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1],"remote":[2,8],"sensing":[3,9],"community,":[4],"extracting":[5,58],"buildings":[6],"from":[7],"imagery":[10,37],"has":[11],"triggered":[12],"great":[13],"interest.":[14],"While":[15],"many":[16],"studies":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"conducted,":[20],"a":[21,92],"comprehensive":[22],"review":[23,46],"of":[24,47,64,94,104,120],"these":[25],"approaches":[26,106],"that":[27],"are":[28,55,112],"applied":[29],"to":[30,114],"optical":[31],"and":[32,51,75,87,102],"synthetic":[33],"aperture":[34],"radar":[35],"(SAR)":[36],"is":[38,98],"still":[39],"lacking.":[40],"Therefore,":[41],"we":[42],"provide":[43],"an":[44],"in-depth":[45],"both":[48],"early":[49],"efforts":[50],"recent":[52],"advances,":[53],"which":[54],"aimed":[56],"at":[57],"geometrical":[59],"structures":[60],"or":[61],"semantic":[62],"attributes":[63],"buildings,":[65],"including":[66],"building":[67,70,78,81,84],"footprint":[68],"generation,":[69],"facade":[71],"segmentation,":[72,77],"roof":[73],"segment":[74],"superstructure":[76],"height":[79],"retrieval,":[80],"type":[82],"classification,":[83],"change":[85],"detection,":[86],"annotation":[88],"data":[89],"correction.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"list":[93],"corresponding":[95],"benchmark":[96],"datasets":[97],"given.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"challenges":[101],"outlooks":[103],"existing":[105],"as":[107,109],"well":[108],"promising":[110],"applications":[111],"discussed":[113],"enhance":[115],"comprehension":[116],"within":[117],"this":[118],"realm":[119],"research.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
