{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391467952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3361875","title":"Exploration of the 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo Earthquake by Fusing the Electron Density and Magnetic Field Data of Swarm Satellites","display_name":"Exploration of the 2021 Mw 7.3 Maduo Earthquake by Fusing the Electron Density and Magnetic Field Data of Swarm Satellites","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391467952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3361875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3361875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3361875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079391021","display_name":"Mengxuan Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4347-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengxuan Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044882542","display_name":"Kaiguang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4674-8001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiguang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064411134","display_name":"Angelo De Santis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo De Santis","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012165844","display_name":"Dedalo Marchetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-3379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dedalo Marchetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014628361","display_name":"Gianfranco Cianchini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29078338","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00qps9a02","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianfranco Cianchini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29078338"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427955","display_name":"Ting Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-5058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329237","display_name":"Yiqun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-6718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058298924","display_name":"Donghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-9638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101950879","display_name":"Yuqi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-2046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079391021"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4074,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97142415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11786","display_name":"Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.6400324702262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5014185905456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4512932300567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.44321584701538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43491992354393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.345283567905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22030377388000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16862526535987854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.6400324702262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5014185905456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4512932300567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.44321584701538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43491992354393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.345283567905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22030377388000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16862526535987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3361875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3361875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2207702025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20230101091JC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6905475448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42374087","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":116,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201343662","https://openalex.org/W404474557","https://openalex.org/W570916743","https://openalex.org/W1496073664","https://openalex.org/W1507146876","https://openalex.org/W1547242768","https://openalex.org/W1563892444","https://openalex.org/W1587924656","https://openalex.org/W1643567666","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1964290394","https://openalex.org/W1965586400","https://openalex.org/W1971252074","https://openalex.org/W1978680118","https://openalex.org/W1986326495","https://openalex.org/W1995345494","https://openalex.org/W2002827028","https://openalex.org/W2008222639","https://openalex.org/W2012800345","https://openalex.org/W2015425671","https://openalex.org/W2021249283","https://openalex.org/W2024165284","https://openalex.org/W2032615525","https://openalex.org/W2032693459","https://openalex.org/W2034411906","https://openalex.org/W2034455343","https://openalex.org/W2038705244","https://openalex.org/W2049441518","https://openalex.org/W2068904072","https://openalex.org/W2068985200","https://openalex.org/W2076514723","https://openalex.org/W2082147615","https://openalex.org/W2091921805","https://openalex.org/W2101799402","https://openalex.org/W2123234693","https://openalex.org/W2123753190","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2129960527","https://openalex.org/W2133396065","https://openalex.org/W2164579680","https://openalex.org/W2169588531","https://openalex.org/W2171223935","https://openalex.org/W2254523943","https://openalex.org/W2348401053","https://openalex.org/W2354368063","https://openalex.org/W2363651848","https://openalex.org/W2544686361","https://openalex.org/W2573643644","https://openalex.org/W2588851024","https://openalex.org/W2734498829","https://openalex.org/W2775258369","https://openalex.org/W2810274087","https://openalex.org/W2884260443","https://openalex.org/W2904368773","https://openalex.org/W2918025213","https://openalex.org/W2931628551","https://openalex.org/W2932343643","https://openalex.org/W2944430910","https://openalex.org/W2954450468","https://openalex.org/W2955815683","https://openalex.org/W2956971372","https://openalex.org/W2981924877","https://openalex.org/W2997111965","https://openalex.org/W2999289209","https://openalex.org/W3014602964","https://openalex.org/W3016429615","https://openalex.org/W3026078780","https://openalex.org/W3038909277","https://openalex.org/W3082719381","https://openalex.org/W3093476748","https://openalex.org/W3095131980","https://openalex.org/W3105519650","https://openalex.org/W3107115854","https://openalex.org/W3109337459","https://openalex.org/W3113084983","https://openalex.org/W3125885729","https://openalex.org/W3128161443","https://openalex.org/W3183764915","https://openalex.org/W3196982508","https://openalex.org/W3214279629","https://openalex.org/W3215704433","https://openalex.org/W3217283677","https://openalex.org/W4206738028","https://openalex.org/W4207012393","https://openalex.org/W4210622385","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4213448945","https://openalex.org/W4214889750","https://openalex.org/W4220835667","https://openalex.org/W4220934613","https://openalex.org/W4229010871","https://openalex.org/W4238805501","https://openalex.org/W4250857377","https://openalex.org/W4281618168","https://openalex.org/W4281644651","https://openalex.org/W4283750621","https://openalex.org/W4285169516","https://openalex.org/W4289792678","https://openalex.org/W4293222334","https://openalex.org/W4293687566","https://openalex.org/W4297021522","https://openalex.org/W4302565032","https://openalex.org/W4303614017","https://openalex.org/W4303980670","https://openalex.org/W4308033383","https://openalex.org/W4309710765","https://openalex.org/W4310066151","https://openalex.org/W4313495260","https://openalex.org/W4316467752","https://openalex.org/W4323844358","https://openalex.org/W6635113084","https://openalex.org/W6798558790","https://openalex.org/W6926056502","https://openalex.org/W7001541896","https://openalex.org/W7024834890","https://openalex.org/W7063740155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288714711","https://openalex.org/W3200708550","https://openalex.org/W2771637876","https://openalex.org/W2736680465","https://openalex.org/W4294093918","https://openalex.org/W4240853094","https://openalex.org/W2810496283","https://openalex.org/W2170656329","https://openalex.org/W3131977017","https://openalex.org/W3205823858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Earthquake":[0],"is":[1,14,143],"a":[2,8,31,126,137,234],"complex":[3],"and":[4,18,42,63,79,97,129,150,175,179,189,209,228],"multivariate":[5],"problem.":[6],"Using":[7],"single":[9],"parameter":[10],"to":[11,16,87,122,132,211],"extract":[12],"anomalies":[13,49,67,112,164,205,218],"difficult":[15],"completely":[17],"truly":[19],"reflect":[20,185],"the":[21,76,84,89,99,104,118,133,147,156,159,180,186,194,198,201,204,212,216,222],"preparation":[22],"activity":[23,227],"before":[24,117,197],"earthquakes.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"we":[29,74],"develop":[30],"fusion":[32,111],"anomaly":[33],"extraction":[34],"method":[35],"based":[36],"on":[37],"principal":[38],"component":[39],"analysis":[40],"(PCA)":[41],"non-negative":[43],"tensor":[44],"decomposition":[45],"(NTD).":[46],"It":[47],"extracts":[48],"by":[50],"combining":[51],"features":[52],"of":[53,92,103,110,158,225],"different":[54],"parameters,":[55],"which":[56,183,232],"can":[57],"obtain":[58],"earthquake-related":[59],"signals":[60],"from":[61,83,120,130],"dataset":[62],"reveal":[64],"some":[65],"weak":[66],"hidden":[68],"in":[69,193],"individual":[70],"parameters.":[71],"By":[72],"PCA-NTD,":[73],"fused":[75],"electron":[77],"density":[78],"magnetic":[80],"field":[81],"data":[82],"Swarm":[85],"satellites":[86],"explore":[88],"possible":[90],"precursors":[91],"2021":[93],"M7.3":[94],"Maduo":[95,160],"earthquake":[96,134,202],"compared":[98],"results":[100],"with":[101,221],"those":[102],"single-parameter":[105],"analyses.":[106],"The":[107,140],"cumulative":[108],"value":[109],"indicates":[113],"two":[114],"acceleration":[115,142],"stages":[116],"mainshock:":[119],"-51":[121],"-24":[123],"days,":[124],"following":[125,136],"sigmoid":[127],"trend,":[128],"-21":[131],"occurrence,":[135],"power-law":[138],"behavior.":[139],"second":[141],"more":[144,207],"pronounced":[145],"than":[146],"first":[148],"one,":[149],"its":[151],"critical":[152],"point":[153],"occurs":[154],"near":[155],"date":[157],"earthquake.":[161],"Spatially,":[162],"these":[163],"are":[165],"located":[166],"around":[167],"important":[168],"fault":[169],"zones":[170],"(Altun":[171],"fault,":[172,174],"Jiali":[173],"Red":[176],"River":[177],"fault)":[178],"epicenter":[181],"region,":[182],"likely":[184],"northward":[187],"stress":[188,191],"eastward":[190],"experienced":[192],"seismogenic":[195],"area":[196],"mainshock.":[199],"As":[200],"approaches,":[203],"become":[206],"concentrated":[208],"closer":[210],"impending":[213],"epicenter.":[214],"Furthermore,":[215],"ionospheric":[217],"correspond":[219],"well":[220],"anomalous":[223],"phenomena":[224],"lithospheric":[226],"atmospheric":[229],"thermal":[230],"radiation,":[231],"support":[233],"multi-channel":[235],"lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere":[236],"coupling":[237],"(LAIC).":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}