{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391406944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3360470","title":"Improving SAR Automatic Target Recognition via Trusted Knowledge Distillation From Simulated Data","display_name":"Improving SAR Automatic Target Recognition via Trusted Knowledge Distillation From Simulated Data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391406944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3360470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3360470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3360470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035887742","display_name":"Fangzhou Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-1667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fangzhou Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708158","display_name":"Hongwei Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-2892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Integrated Information System Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Integrated Information System Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003513450","display_name":"Lingyu Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-6676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyu Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Integrated Information System Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Integrated Information System Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052182532","display_name":"Lamei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lamei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035887742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.5677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98998277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9132999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7406818866729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.456810861825943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.44721415638923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distillation","display_name":"Distillation","score":0.4248253405094147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.41345077753067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.37331366539001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37263673543930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3411332964897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11164316534996033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7406818866729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.456810861825943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.44721415638923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.4248253405094147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.41345077753067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37331366539001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37263673543930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3411332964897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11164316534996033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3360470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3360470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3233909703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M733615","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3333612997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301539","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7614744860","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601603264","https://openalex.org/W753847829","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1690739335","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W2006162762","https://openalex.org/W2030233108","https://openalex.org/W2082476922","https://openalex.org/W2106680998","https://openalex.org/W2111847198","https://openalex.org/W2112024307","https://openalex.org/W2142740798","https://openalex.org/W2168844904","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2294370754","https://openalex.org/W2314458011","https://openalex.org/W2356798126","https://openalex.org/W2413439537","https://openalex.org/W2544339223","https://openalex.org/W2730249686","https://openalex.org/W2731516819","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2773828237","https://openalex.org/W2887783173","https://openalex.org/W2890897299","https://openalex.org/W2901459322","https://openalex.org/W2936864631","https://openalex.org/W2945014618","https://openalex.org/W2964111476","https://openalex.org/W2964288524","https://openalex.org/W2971047694","https://openalex.org/W2981798583","https://openalex.org/W2982242214","https://openalex.org/W2986015886","https://openalex.org/W3002497127","https://openalex.org/W3004127093","https://openalex.org/W3015735225","https://openalex.org/W3021955884","https://openalex.org/W3034203264","https://openalex.org/W3037355691","https://openalex.org/W3112594048","https://openalex.org/W3130456161","https://openalex.org/W3138462497","https://openalex.org/W3174102142","https://openalex.org/W3192142973","https://openalex.org/W3207009651","https://openalex.org/W4206242107","https://openalex.org/W4206588109","https://openalex.org/W4224926219","https://openalex.org/W4224927203","https://openalex.org/W4226146307","https://openalex.org/W4226426325","https://openalex.org/W4281648462","https://openalex.org/W4285129541","https://openalex.org/W4295916009","https://openalex.org/W4296558678","https://openalex.org/W4306914511","https://openalex.org/W4309134000","https://openalex.org/W4312309344","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4318054412","https://openalex.org/W4318953228","https://openalex.org/W4323316583","https://openalex.org/W4366148872","https://openalex.org/W4381745294","https://openalex.org/W4388240454","https://openalex.org/W6618476874","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6637551013","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6683633756","https://openalex.org/W6732430167","https://openalex.org/W6740493225","https://openalex.org/W6750109254","https://openalex.org/W6752745768","https://openalex.org/W6762811270","https://openalex.org/W6791742336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137365474","https://openalex.org/W2886347302","https://openalex.org/W2784759481","https://openalex.org/W1545594509","https://openalex.org/W2540523933","https://openalex.org/W3038591045","https://openalex.org/W4252699458","https://openalex.org/W3130755980","https://openalex.org/W2540650467","https://openalex.org/W4380446815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"significant":[3],"research":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"conducted":[7],"on":[8,22,40,59,186],"utilizing":[9],"simulated":[10,33,61,94],"data":[11],"to":[12,73,84,104,126,168],"support":[13],"Synthetic":[14],"Aperture":[15],"Radar":[16],"Automatic":[17],"Target":[18],"Recognition":[19],"(SAR-ATR)":[20],"based":[21],"deep":[23],"learning":[24,83],"techniques.":[25],"By":[26],"distilling":[27,128],"the":[28,37,65,86,90,98,101,108,124,129,137,151,163,166,174,187,197,212,217],"dark":[29,68,102,130],"knowledge":[30,69,103,110,131,141,154,178],"extracted":[31],"from":[32],"samples,":[34,95],"quality":[35],"of":[36,67,89,100,139,199],"learned":[38],"representations":[39],"measured":[41],"samples":[42,62],"can":[43],"be":[44,105,114],"effectively":[45],"enhanced.":[46],"However,":[47],"our":[48,200],"study":[49],"highlights":[50],"an":[51],"important":[52],"oversight":[53],"in":[54,117,216],"previous":[55],"works:":[56],"unquestioning":[57],"trust":[58],"all":[60],"inevitably":[63],"introduces":[64],"part":[66],"that":[70],"is":[71],"detrimental":[72],"SAR-ATR":[74],"performance.":[75],"To":[76],"address":[77],"this":[78],"issue,":[79],"we":[80,122,149],"introduce":[81],"evidential":[82],"estimate":[85],"confidence":[87,145],"degree":[88],"model":[91,125],"after":[92],"inputting":[93],"thereby":[96],"assessing":[97],"validity":[99,134],"distilled.":[106],"Then,":[107],"simulated-measured":[109,177],"distillation":[111,155,179],"process":[112],"will":[113],"carried":[115],"out":[116],"a":[118,143,159],"trusted":[119,176],"manner.":[120],"Specifically,":[121],"encourage":[123],"prioritize":[127],"with":[132],"higher":[133],"while":[135],"avoiding":[136],"influence":[138],"inferior":[140],"through":[142],"dynamic":[144],"weighting":[146],"method.":[147],"Additionally,":[148],"transform":[150],"standard":[152],"logits-based":[153],"loss":[156],"function":[157],"into":[158],"feature-based":[160],"one,":[161],"giving":[162],"proposed":[164,175,201],"method":[165,180],"ability":[167],"plug-and-play.":[169],"The":[170],"above":[171],"aspects":[172],"constitute":[173],"for":[181],"SAR-ATR.":[182],"Multiple":[183],"comparative":[184],"studies":[185],"Simulated":[188],"And":[189],"Measured":[190],"Paired":[191],"Labeled":[192],"Experiment":[193],"(SAMPLE)":[194],"dataset":[195],"demonstrate":[196],"effectiveness":[198],"method,":[202],"which":[203],"not":[204],"only":[205],"achieves":[206],"superior":[207],"performance":[208],"but":[209],"also":[210],"maintains":[211],"desired":[213],"computational":[214],"complexity":[215],"inference":[218],"phase.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
