{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389799323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343554","title":"Parallel Compared-and-Stacked Pyramid Transformer Network for Unsupervised Hyperspectral Change Detection","display_name":"Parallel Compared-and-Stacked Pyramid Transformer Network for Unsupervised Hyperspectral Change Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389799323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103026359","display_name":"Yunshuang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-3302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunshuang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-3302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010255725","display_name":"Song Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-4233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, China","School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044736869","display_name":"Jiahui Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-2884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-2884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045803591","display_name":"Wenqian Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-9676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqian Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-9676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067798266","display_name":"Yunsong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0234-6270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunsong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0234-6270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087077972","display_name":"Haoming Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-6709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoming Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geography and Environmental Science and the Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-6709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geography and Environmental Science and the Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86186567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8330036401748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.55308598279953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5111311078071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.429610013961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.4242859482765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.4191342890262604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4046613872051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3598611354827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1617780327796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11197438836097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09634003043174744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08893957734107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07427763938903809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8330036401748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.55308598279953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5111311078071594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.429610013961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4242859482765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.4191342890262604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4046613872051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3598611354827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1617780327796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11197438836097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09634003043174744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08893957734107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07427763938903809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1249714260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023T160502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2430254510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3275247262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYTS23174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3283579519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M702546","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3607407551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"095920221320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329362","funder_display_name":"Xi'an Science and Technology Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4037666598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QTZX23092","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4556626789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20230117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329756","funder_display_name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4985407389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"959202313052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329362","funder_display_name":"Xi'an Science and Technology Association"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5516072448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7580887533","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M702548","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8108428442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022T150508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8282386850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329362","display_name":"Xi'an Science and Technology Association","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329756","display_name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Association","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499255288","https://openalex.org/W1979061792","https://openalex.org/W1997413270","https://openalex.org/W1997466525","https://openalex.org/W1998595580","https://openalex.org/W2015894711","https://openalex.org/W2115026818","https://openalex.org/W2409846183","https://openalex.org/W2528975388","https://openalex.org/W2763036297","https://openalex.org/W2792827505","https://openalex.org/W2884276099","https://openalex.org/W2911976185","https://openalex.org/W2942454403","https://openalex.org/W2953308875","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963631907","https://openalex.org/W2963925437","https://openalex.org/W2971432438","https://openalex.org/W2988720991","https://openalex.org/W2989751901","https://openalex.org/W3099831940","https://openalex.org/W3102127038","https://openalex.org/W3134743586","https://openalex.org/W3134910218","https://openalex.org/W3142421496","https://openalex.org/W3164173661","https://openalex.org/W3168931281","https://openalex.org/W3171001481","https://openalex.org/W3180045188","https://openalex.org/W3183729446","https://openalex.org/W3196356615","https://openalex.org/W3216217554","https://openalex.org/W4285111599","https://openalex.org/W4285202680","https://openalex.org/W4293193225","https://openalex.org/W4293812296","https://openalex.org/W4296339430","https://openalex.org/W4296351107","https://openalex.org/W4312899129","https://openalex.org/W4312963628","https://openalex.org/W4313048911","https://openalex.org/W4313644075","https://openalex.org/W4316013166","https://openalex.org/W4321380750","https://openalex.org/W4322576316","https://openalex.org/W4366957284","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6754905691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W1973197867","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W1991437568","https://openalex.org/W4281675222","https://openalex.org/W2568271140","https://openalex.org/W3164855829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"with":[4,133],"good":[5],"feature":[6],"learning":[7],"capabilities":[8],"are":[9,158],"widely":[10],"used":[11],"in":[12,78,118,183],"hyperspectral":[13],"image":[14],"change":[15],"detection":[16],"(HSI-CD)":[17],"tasks.":[18],"However,":[19],"most":[20],"existing":[21],"CNN-based":[22],"HSI-CD":[23,181],"methods":[24,182],"face":[25],"two":[26],"inherent":[27],"challenges:":[28],"1)":[29],"the":[30,38,45,49,72,79,102,108,176],"lack":[31],"of":[32,52,75,110,116],"available":[33],"labeled":[34,86],"datasets":[35,173],"and":[36,130,143,154,164,186],"2)":[37],"limited":[39],"receptive":[40],"field":[41],"that":[42,99,175],"cannot":[43],"capture":[44,126],"long-distance":[46],"dependence":[47],"between":[48,104],"spectral":[50,76],"sequences":[51,77],"HSIs.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"article,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"a":[59,89],"parallel":[60],"compared-and-stacked":[61],"pyramid":[62],"transformer":[63,117],"network":[64],"(PCPTNet)":[65],"for":[66,136],"unsupervised":[67],"HSI-CD,":[68],"which":[69,138],"can":[70,139],"model":[71],"context":[73,119],"information":[74,120,153],"input":[80],"multi-temporal":[81],"HSI":[82,172],"patch":[83],"without":[84],"real":[85,171],"data.":[87],"Specifically,":[88],"superpixel-level":[90],"joint":[91],"decision-based":[92],"training":[93,111],"samples":[94],"selection":[95],"strategy":[96],"is":[97,123],"presented":[98],"fully":[100],"considers":[101],"correlation":[103],"pixels":[105],"to":[106,125,161],"improve":[107],"reliability":[109],"samples.":[112],"Then,":[113],"taking":[114],"advantage":[115],"modeling,":[121],"PCPTNet":[122,177],"proposed":[124],"sufficient":[127,150],"difference":[128],"features":[129,132,148,157],"stacked":[131],"different":[134],"scales":[135],"CD,":[137],"effectively":[140],"reduce":[141],"missed":[142],"false":[144],"detection.":[145],"The":[146],"multiscale":[147],"containing":[149],"low-level":[151],"detail":[152],"high-level":[155],"semantic":[156],"fused":[159],"hierarchically":[160],"classify":[162],"changed":[163],"unchanged":[165],"pixels.":[166],"Extensive":[167],"experiments":[168],"on":[169],"three":[170],"demonstrate":[174],"outperforms":[178],"other":[179],"state-of-the-art":[180],"both":[184],"visual":[185],"quantitative":[187],"results.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}