{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389776823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343464","title":"PnP-Based Ground Moving Target Imaging Network for Squint SAR and Sparse Sampling","display_name":"PnP-Based Ground Moving Target Imaging Network for Squint SAR and Sparse Sampling","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389776823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044732461","display_name":"Hongwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4413-8058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083151372","display_name":"Jiacheng Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113072084","display_name":"Cong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-2489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762950","display_name":"Ying Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1460-4289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363180","display_name":"Qun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2773-3437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044732461"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5294,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92406617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.779226541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6688944101333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6231032013893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.48520973324775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4668861925601959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4189353287220001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37240779399871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3578486442565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.32784566283226013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.779226541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6688944101333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6231032013893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.48520973324775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4668861925601959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4189353287220001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37240779399871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3578486442565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.32784566283226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3343464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3937783750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62131020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4903623920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8302807535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025943163","https://openalex.org/W2047042135","https://openalex.org/W2056210040","https://openalex.org/W2062902784","https://openalex.org/W2064076387","https://openalex.org/W2075543610","https://openalex.org/W2075612852","https://openalex.org/W2087416986","https://openalex.org/W2100043046","https://openalex.org/W2120758470","https://openalex.org/W2147016563","https://openalex.org/W2154063429","https://openalex.org/W2168579052","https://openalex.org/W2248124113","https://openalex.org/W2333220640","https://openalex.org/W2440124605","https://openalex.org/W2551701645","https://openalex.org/W2762294195","https://openalex.org/W2804617291","https://openalex.org/W2891477499","https://openalex.org/W2937292338","https://openalex.org/W2973242850","https://openalex.org/W2979357982","https://openalex.org/W2980809500","https://openalex.org/W2987996844","https://openalex.org/W2990499011","https://openalex.org/W3003337093","https://openalex.org/W3028523815","https://openalex.org/W3059510788","https://openalex.org/W3111765632","https://openalex.org/W3114296353","https://openalex.org/W3118850552","https://openalex.org/W3120893353","https://openalex.org/W3139971901","https://openalex.org/W3158906999","https://openalex.org/W3202470209","https://openalex.org/W3208730378","https://openalex.org/W4200250001","https://openalex.org/W4213122956","https://openalex.org/W4221064816","https://openalex.org/W4223443175","https://openalex.org/W4285110357","https://openalex.org/W4293731263","https://openalex.org/W4296569556","https://openalex.org/W4361221423","https://openalex.org/W6633802082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2096748030","https://openalex.org/W3016428515","https://openalex.org/W2160730947","https://openalex.org/W2747205507","https://openalex.org/W2917196883","https://openalex.org/W1908997176","https://openalex.org/W2081203575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,84,109,116,124,146,174],"result":[2],"of":[3,185,224],"residual":[4],"phase":[5],"error":[6],"caused":[7],"by":[8],"motion":[9,119],"parameters,":[10],"ground":[11],"moving":[12],"targets":[13],"(GMTs)":[14],"are":[15,37,76],"defocused":[16],"and":[17,43,71,95,102,115,139,206,227],"displaced":[18],"in":[19,46,63,188,222],"conventional":[20,218],"synthetic":[21],"aperture":[22],"radar":[23,60],"(SAR)":[24],"imaging.":[25],"Although":[26],"some":[27],"refocusing":[28,148],"algorithms":[29],"for":[30,92,168],"GMT":[31,86,147,197,208,219],"have":[32],"been":[33,55],"proposed,":[34],"these":[35],"methods":[36,221],"difficult":[38],"to":[39,58,135,156,181],"handle":[40],"geometric":[41,183],"correction":[42,184],"sparse":[44,96,125,195],"recovery":[45],"squint":[47,93,189],"mode":[48],"simultaneously.":[49],"Deep":[50],"learning":[51],"(DL)":[52],"technology":[53,155],"has":[54],"successfully":[56],"used":[57],"solve":[59,136],"imaging":[61,87,186],"problems":[62],"microwave":[64],"vision,":[65],"where":[66],"deep":[67],"unfolding":[68],"networks":[69,74],"(DUNs)":[70],"convolutional":[72],"neural":[73],"(CNNs)":[75],"the":[77,140,158,193,199],"most":[78],"widely":[79],"applied.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82,137],"article,":[83],"novel":[85],"network":[88,178],"(GMTIm-Net)":[89],"is":[90,133,143,179],"proposed":[91,180,215],"SAR":[94],"sampling,":[97],"whose":[98],"framework":[99],"combines":[100],"DUN":[101],"CNN":[103],"advantages.":[104],"Specifically,":[105],"we":[106,151],"first":[107],"incorporate":[108],"matched":[110],"filter-based":[111],"approximated":[112],"observation":[113],"model":[114],"minimum":[117],"entropy-based":[118],"parameter":[120],"estimation":[121],"method":[122],"within":[123],"reconstruction":[126],"framework.":[127],"An":[128],"iterative":[129],"shrinkage":[130],"threshold":[131],"algorithm":[132],"adopted":[134],"framework,":[138],"solution":[141],"procedure":[142],"unfolded":[144],"as":[145],"network.":[149],"Then,":[150],"introduce":[152],"plug-and-play":[153],"(PnP)":[154],"replace":[157],"<inline-formula":[159],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[160],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[161],"<tex-math":[162],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\ell":[163],"_{1}$":[164],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[165],"norm-based":[166],"regularizer":[167],"improving":[169],"its":[170],"noise":[171],"immunity.":[172],"Finally,":[173],"CNN-based":[175],"image":[176],"transformation":[177],"perform":[182],"results":[187],"mode.":[190],"By":[191],"inputting":[192],"2-D":[194],"complex-valued":[196],"echo,":[198],"trained":[200],"GMTIm-Net":[201,216],"can":[202],"efficiently":[203],"output":[204],"focused":[205],"corrected":[207],"images.":[209],"The":[210],"experiments":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"that":[213],"our":[214],"outperforms":[217],"focusing":[220,225],"terms":[223],"performance":[226],"computing":[228],"efficiency.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
