{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389352408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3339718","title":"Exposure Fusion-Based Shadow-Insensitive Hyperspectral Target Detection","display_name":"Exposure Fusion-Based Shadow-Insensitive Hyperspectral Target Detection","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389352408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3339718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3339718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3339718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090896714","display_name":"Shuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-9859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-9859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707177","display_name":"Yan Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-0056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-0056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057514965","display_name":"Xudong Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-2531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Robotics, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-2531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Robotics, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067097659","display_name":"Shutao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-9848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shutao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-9848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8942191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9171000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8693340420722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.6237200498580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.608355700969696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5096900463104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4995131492614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4780072271823883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47612935304641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.47315654158592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.4392920732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25156041979789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1270582675933838}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8693340420722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6237200498580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.608355700969696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5096900463104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4995131492614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4780072271823883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47612935304641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.47315654158592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.4392920732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25156041979789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1270582675933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3339718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3339718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1085509035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62221002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2027762821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61890962","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3579516633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFA0715203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4454445126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JJ022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330215","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5825800595","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GK2038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8759851568","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330215","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625476304","https://openalex.org/W1899348529","https://openalex.org/W1972578813","https://openalex.org/W2001045763","https://openalex.org/W2009539575","https://openalex.org/W2017014096","https://openalex.org/W2055180303","https://openalex.org/W2066237268","https://openalex.org/W2078718577","https://openalex.org/W2084885097","https://openalex.org/W2125341398","https://openalex.org/W2125656989","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2144158572","https://openalex.org/W2154236340","https://openalex.org/W2163957348","https://openalex.org/W2166682552","https://openalex.org/W2172063876","https://openalex.org/W2245000483","https://openalex.org/W2343766628","https://openalex.org/W2507855991","https://openalex.org/W2764108700","https://openalex.org/W2892059457","https://openalex.org/W2909292961","https://openalex.org/W2947058136","https://openalex.org/W2948763898","https://openalex.org/W2982545969","https://openalex.org/W3021150190","https://openalex.org/W3022643044","https://openalex.org/W3049655825","https://openalex.org/W3087782035","https://openalex.org/W3136812385","https://openalex.org/W3139745482","https://openalex.org/W3177111766","https://openalex.org/W3184375104","https://openalex.org/W3207005322","https://openalex.org/W3207848579","https://openalex.org/W3210608064","https://openalex.org/W4205124618","https://openalex.org/W4210794570","https://openalex.org/W4225582357","https://openalex.org/W4285173622","https://openalex.org/W4286384741","https://openalex.org/W4293661072","https://openalex.org/W4294310684","https://openalex.org/W4294988659","https://openalex.org/W4307502605","https://openalex.org/W4307646474","https://openalex.org/W4312845279","https://openalex.org/W4313181698","https://openalex.org/W4316021500","https://openalex.org/W4316661089","https://openalex.org/W4366504003","https://openalex.org/W4381661609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W2788731446","https://openalex.org/W2204403038","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W3152170969","https://openalex.org/W2379054866","https://openalex.org/W2549658594","https://openalex.org/W2095903272","https://openalex.org/W2353265673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"images":[1,100],"(HSIs)":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"for":[7],"target":[8,24],"detection":[9,25,113,131],"due":[10],"to":[11,72,101,127],"their":[12],"abundant":[13],"spatial":[14],"and":[15,54,63,82,107,121],"spectral":[16],"information.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19],"article,":[20],"a":[21,87],"shadow-insensitive":[22],"hyperspectral":[23],"(HTD)":[26],"framework":[27],"based":[28],"on":[29,68,96,116,136],"exposure":[30],"fusion":[31],"is":[32,45,94],"proposed,":[33],"which":[34],"consists":[35],"of":[36],"the":[37,42,51,55,69,78,83,97,103,112,117,122,129,141],"following":[38],"major":[39],"steps.":[40],"First,":[41],"input":[43,70],"HSI":[44],"divided":[46],"into":[47],"two":[48,74,98],"parts,":[49],"namely":[50],"shadow":[52,106,149],"region":[53],"nonshadow":[56,108],"region.":[57],"Second,":[58],"total":[59],"variation-based":[60],"feature":[61,75,80,99,119],"extraction":[62],"overexposure":[64,84,123],"operation":[65],"are":[66,125],"performed":[67,95],"image":[71,81,120,124],"produce":[73],"images,":[76],"i.e.,":[77],"original":[79,118],"image.":[85],"Third,":[86],"self-guided":[88],"constrained":[89],"energy":[90],"minimization":[91],"(SGCEM)":[92],"detector":[93],"detect":[102],"targets":[104],"in":[105],"regions,":[109],"respectively.":[110],"Finally,":[111],"results":[114,147],"obtained":[115],"fused":[126],"acquire":[128],"final":[130],"result.":[132],"Extensive":[133],"experiments":[134],"conducted":[135],"real-world":[137],"data":[138],"illustrate":[139],"that":[140],"proposed":[142],"method":[143],"can":[144],"achieve":[145],"satisfactory":[146],"when":[148],"exists.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}