{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388820255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3335214","title":"In-Season Wall-to-Wall Crop-Type Mapping Using Ensemble of Image Segmentation Models","display_name":"In-Season Wall-to-Wall Crop-Type Mapping Using Ensemble of Image Segmentation Models","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388820255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3335214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3335214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3335214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054821344","display_name":"Sheir Afgen Zaheer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6719-8055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165268","display_name":"Korea Testing Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05aykjy67","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165268"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheir A. Zaheer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","KC Machine Learning Lab, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6719-8055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KC Machine Learning Lab, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053524205","display_name":"Youngryel Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6238-2479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngryel Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences and the Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6238-2479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences and the Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435058","display_name":"Junghee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-9214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junghee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-9214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073939201","display_name":"Zilong Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0104-9116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilong Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0104-9116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059532814","display_name":"Kyung\u00ad-Do Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-9978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800443534","display_name":"Rural Development Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03xs9yg50","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800443534","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210090853"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungdo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-9978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800443534"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79332247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6615766286849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5753403306007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5254465937614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5040308833122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.43831321597099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3733513355255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16972625255584717}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6615766286849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5753403306007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5254465937614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5040308833122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.43831321597099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3733513355255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16972625255584717}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3335214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3335214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5174683532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2020-RD009308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322035","funder_display_name":"Rural Development Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322035","display_name":"Rural Development Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03xs9yg50"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1967400946","https://openalex.org/W2008085934","https://openalex.org/W2104062561","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2578830027","https://openalex.org/W2610947800","https://openalex.org/W2783608381","https://openalex.org/W2798122215","https://openalex.org/W2803507394","https://openalex.org/W2883026662","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2895924848","https://openalex.org/W2903282641","https://openalex.org/W2909728654","https://openalex.org/W2930359273","https://openalex.org/W2962767316","https://openalex.org/W2964098128","https://openalex.org/W2973353633","https://openalex.org/W2981691152","https://openalex.org/W3000309135","https://openalex.org/W3015388942","https://openalex.org/W3034847898","https://openalex.org/W3036779102","https://openalex.org/W3037002701","https://openalex.org/W3038091703","https://openalex.org/W3047158728","https://openalex.org/W3047502985","https://openalex.org/W3082547400","https://openalex.org/W3086184474","https://openalex.org/W3089038181","https://openalex.org/W3098378075","https://openalex.org/W3112139896","https://openalex.org/W3131107308","https://openalex.org/W3138000966","https://openalex.org/W3158568413","https://openalex.org/W3167962161","https://openalex.org/W3173881293","https://openalex.org/W3185118158","https://openalex.org/W3207957589","https://openalex.org/W4286247665","https://openalex.org/W6729315645","https://openalex.org/W6750469568","https://openalex.org/W6765001775","https://openalex.org/W6776016231","https://openalex.org/W6796483754","https://openalex.org/W6796848484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W4389858081","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W1522196789","https://openalex.org/W2369060955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Availability":[0],"of":[1,17,44,86,96,106,133,138],"high":[2],"resolution":[3],"remote":[4,139],"sensing":[5,140],"images":[6,141],"along":[7],"with":[8],"advances":[9],"in":[10,109],"deep":[11],"learning":[12],"has":[13],"enabled":[14],"timely":[15],"generation":[16],"crop":[18,93,113,126],"type":[19,94,114,127],"maps.":[20,115],"However,":[21],"scaling":[22],"such":[23],"maps":[24,95],"to":[25,35,59,90],"large":[26],"areas":[27],"is":[28],"often":[29],"hindered":[30],"by":[31,63],"data":[32,67,80],"occlusion":[33],"due":[34],"clouds.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"propose":[41],"an":[42],"ensemble":[43,85],"image":[45],"segmentation":[46],"models,":[47],"based":[48],"on":[49,72],"attention":[50],"U-Net":[51],"architecture":[52],"and":[53,75,81],"optimized":[54],"using":[55],"Focal":[56],"Trvesky":[57],"loss,":[58],"scale":[60],"crop-type":[61],"mapping":[62,128,145],"tackling":[64],"the":[65,97,104,131,134,143],"missing":[66],"problem.":[68],"We":[69,101],"trained":[70,88],"models":[71,89],"Landsat":[73],"8":[74],"Sentinel":[76],"2":[77],"surface":[78],"reflectance":[79],"created":[82],"a":[83,120],"bagged":[84],"those":[87],"generate":[91],"wall-to-wall":[92,112],"entire":[98,135,144],"US":[99],"corn-belt.":[100],"also":[102],"demonstrate":[103],"effectiveness":[105],"our":[107],"approach":[108],"generating":[110],"pre-harvest":[111],"Our":[116],"proposed":[117],"method":[118],"obtains":[119],"competitive":[121],"92%":[122],"overall":[123],"accuracy":[124],"for":[125],"without":[129],"requiring":[130],"availability":[132],"in-season":[136],"time-series":[137],"over":[142],"region.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}