{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388642464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3332134","title":"An Advanced Echo Separation Scheme Based on Multinull Constraint Beamformer With Deepened Nulls","display_name":"An Advanced Echo Separation Scheme Based on Multinull Constraint Beamformer With Deepened Nulls","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388642464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3332134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3332134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3332134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079526400","display_name":"Rongxiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2406-1548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongxiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2406-1548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049697060","display_name":"Kai Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6455-338X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108670723","display_name":"Yunkai Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunkai Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657975","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-3659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-3659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320038","display_name":"Yue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-7485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024487524","display_name":"Zhen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6569-2077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6569-2077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023570134","display_name":"Jinsong Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6696-7893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsong Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6696-7893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063951289","display_name":"Sheng Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-499X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-499X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3431,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91884599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7243179678916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6741671562194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6190921664237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null","display_name":"Null (SQL)","score":0.5723642706871033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.47311732172966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.47270795702934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.43879976868629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.4245925545692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3917585611343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.36297914385795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.19611558318138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19047877192497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18796312808990479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17862096428871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16496863961219788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7243179678916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6741671562194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6190921664237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.5723642706871033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.47311732172966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.47270795702934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.43879976868629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.4245925545692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3917585611343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.36297914385795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19611558318138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19047877192497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18796312808990479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17862096428871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16496863961219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3332134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3332134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1599703818","https://openalex.org/W1968098630","https://openalex.org/W1983439341","https://openalex.org/W2013339724","https://openalex.org/W2025615944","https://openalex.org/W2052862999","https://openalex.org/W2064076387","https://openalex.org/W2093631663","https://openalex.org/W2094430079","https://openalex.org/W2103987951","https://openalex.org/W2110964282","https://openalex.org/W2117967849","https://openalex.org/W2127065135","https://openalex.org/W2128939054","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2140990782","https://openalex.org/W2141795796","https://openalex.org/W2146075447","https://openalex.org/W2158898891","https://openalex.org/W2245506015","https://openalex.org/W2541888625","https://openalex.org/W2605506491","https://openalex.org/W2621080021","https://openalex.org/W2988691292","https://openalex.org/W3022640406","https://openalex.org/W3041368247","https://openalex.org/W3042069457","https://openalex.org/W3048859416","https://openalex.org/W3214953536","https://openalex.org/W4206050653","https://openalex.org/W4225968167","https://openalex.org/W4288069210","https://openalex.org/W4292973629","https://openalex.org/W6603099011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W2035264131","https://openalex.org/W1679012645","https://openalex.org/W1925461966","https://openalex.org/W2068843146","https://openalex.org/W2462749609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,152],"multiple":[1],"elevation":[2],"beam":[3],"(MEB)":[4],"mode":[5,22],"is":[6,81,112,133,184],"an":[7,125],"effective":[8],"technique":[9],"for":[10,104],"enhancing":[11],"imaging":[12,191],"width":[13,146],"in":[14,61],"spaceborne":[15,195],"synthetic":[16],"aperture":[17],"radar":[18],"(SAR)":[19],"systems.":[20,197],"This":[21],"combines":[23],"intra-pulse":[24],"beam-steering":[25],"during":[26,32],"transmitting":[27],"and":[28,57,147,189],"digital":[29],"beamforming":[30],"(DBF)":[31],"receiving.":[33],"By":[34],"sequentially":[35],"illuminating":[36],"the":[37,42,51,54,62,67,70,107,139,145,150,157,166,170,173,177,181],"far":[38],"sub-swath":[39],"followed":[40],"by":[41],"near":[43],"sub-swath,":[44],"echoes":[45,109],"from":[46],"different":[47,118],"sub-swaths":[48],"can":[49,142,160],"reach":[50],"antenna":[52],"at":[53],"same":[55],"time":[56],"overlap":[58],"each":[59],"other":[60,137],"receiving":[63],"window.":[64],"To":[65,121],"separate":[66],"overlapping":[68,108],"echoes,":[69],"linear":[71],"constrained":[72,84,128],"minimum":[73],"variance":[74],"(LCMV)":[75],"beamformer":[76,90,129],"has":[77,91],"been":[78,93],"used,":[79],"which":[80],"a":[82,87,113],"single-null":[83],"beamformer.":[85],"Additionally,":[86],"multi-null":[88,127],"constraint":[89],"also":[92],"proposed":[94,140,158,174,182],"on":[95],"this":[96,123],"basis.":[97],"However,":[98],"these":[99],"two":[100],"methods":[101],"are":[102],"insufficient":[103],"effectively":[105],"separating":[106],"when":[110],"there":[111],"significant":[114],"energy":[115],"difference":[116],"between":[117],"sub-beams":[119],"signals.":[120],"solve":[122],"problem,":[124],"advanced":[126],"with":[130,136],"deepened":[131],"nulls":[132],"proposed.":[134],"Compared":[135],"methods,":[138],"method":[141,159,183],"flexibly":[143],"adjust":[144],"depth":[148],"of":[149,172,193],"nulls.":[151],"simulation":[153],"results":[154,168,178],"demonstrate":[155],"that":[156,180],"enhance":[161],"echo":[162],"separation":[163],"quality.":[164],"And":[165],"experimental":[167],"verify":[169],"effectiveness":[171],"method.":[175],"All":[176],"indicate":[179],"helpful":[185],"to":[186],"improve":[187],"high-resolution":[188],"wide-swath":[190],"performance":[192],"future":[194],"SAR":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}