{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385627294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3302322","title":"Multiframe Transformation With Variance Component Estimation","display_name":"Multiframe Transformation With Variance Component Estimation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385627294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3302322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3302322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3302322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675293","display_name":"Yu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1793-3782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1793-3782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101620911","display_name":"Xing Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-7729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-7729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102304362","display_name":"Wenxian Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxian Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022425194","display_name":"Hansj\u00f6rg Kutterer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-5675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hansj\u00f6rg Kutterer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100675293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7095,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98715858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13487","display_name":"Statistical and numerical algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13487","display_name":"Statistical and numerical algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.807835042476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6906591653823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.6660966277122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.6498678922653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.6234169602394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5846477746963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5549870729446411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-components","display_name":"Variance components","score":0.5528579950332642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-system","display_name":"Coordinate system","score":0.46126988530158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-frame","display_name":"Reference frame","score":0.443460613489151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.42304062843322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4195703864097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32738831639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32304883003234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.31539303064346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3081030249595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14522257447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10840001702308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10724484920501709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.807835042476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6906591653823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6660966277122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6498678922653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6234169602394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5846477746963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5549870729446411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018076075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Variance components","level":2,"score":0.5528579950332642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80551277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11210","display_name":"Coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.46126988530158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172849965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148875","display_name":"Reference frame","level":3,"score":0.443460613489151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.42304062843322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4195703864097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32738831639289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32304883003234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.31539303064346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3081030249595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14522257447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10840001702308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10724484920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3302322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3302322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2387671247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42274007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3668099504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42174049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95372047","https://openalex.org/W593568840","https://openalex.org/W1516351211","https://openalex.org/W1967109428","https://openalex.org/W1967946051","https://openalex.org/W1972065056","https://openalex.org/W1974364447","https://openalex.org/W1983948475","https://openalex.org/W1985821004","https://openalex.org/W1993147091","https://openalex.org/W1993267444","https://openalex.org/W1993854719","https://openalex.org/W2000486953","https://openalex.org/W2003265552","https://openalex.org/W2019380154","https://openalex.org/W2025272748","https://openalex.org/W2028931853","https://openalex.org/W2032082196","https://openalex.org/W2036998249","https://openalex.org/W2043225268","https://openalex.org/W2047718736","https://openalex.org/W2063830806","https://openalex.org/W2077388752","https://openalex.org/W2082028360","https://openalex.org/W2084423326","https://openalex.org/W2084924291","https://openalex.org/W2087448725","https://openalex.org/W2123323973","https://openalex.org/W2127739279","https://openalex.org/W2130811481","https://openalex.org/W2145147112","https://openalex.org/W2150760200","https://openalex.org/W2151501940","https://openalex.org/W2257663411","https://openalex.org/W2326225147","https://openalex.org/W2331220472","https://openalex.org/W2524630010","https://openalex.org/W2556362814","https://openalex.org/W2586937410","https://openalex.org/W2774060073","https://openalex.org/W2779007978","https://openalex.org/W2785620435","https://openalex.org/W2914296981","https://openalex.org/W2915505642","https://openalex.org/W2995643495","https://openalex.org/W4206349700","https://openalex.org/W4210281455","https://openalex.org/W4256234326","https://openalex.org/W4293370995","https://openalex.org/W4298289213","https://openalex.org/W4309191892","https://openalex.org/W4312244264","https://openalex.org/W4319988723","https://openalex.org/W4361006440","https://openalex.org/W6727395973","https://openalex.org/W6887272946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3033823235","https://openalex.org/W2881093137","https://openalex.org/W4384916587","https://openalex.org/W2163330330","https://openalex.org/W1982137911","https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W4288060108","https://openalex.org/W2227743261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,115],"modern":[1],"GNSS":[2,28,40],"technique":[3],"is":[4,34,124,148],"one":[5],"of":[6,52,55],"the":[7,31,38,43,49,57,64,76,83,87,100,107,120,128,133,135],"most":[8],"effective":[9],"geoscience":[10],"and":[11,18,72,89],"remote-sensing":[12],"tool":[13],"to":[14,36,127],"observe":[15],"crustal":[16],"motions":[17],"quantify":[19,99],"plate":[20],"tectonics":[21],"dynamics.":[22],"Given":[23],"multiple":[24],"installed":[25],"continuously":[26],"operating":[27],"observing":[29],"stations,":[30],"multi-frame":[32,77,121],"transformation":[33,123],"implemented":[35],"connect":[37],"timevarying":[39],"coordinates":[41],"by":[42,138],"traditional":[44,129],"step-wise":[45,50],"method.":[46],"Compared":[47],"with":[48],"treatment":[51],"each":[53],"pair":[54],"frames,":[56,69],"proposed":[58],"structured":[59],"total":[60],"least-squares":[61],"method":[62],"considers":[63],"combined":[65],"estimation":[66],"for":[67,75,92],"all":[68],"guaranteeing":[70],"unique":[71],"consistent":[73],"results":[74],"symmetric":[78,122],"transformation.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"we":[81,113],"introduce":[82],"variance":[84,96,108],"component":[85],"as":[86,112],"nutshell":[88],"flexible":[90],"indicator":[91],"land":[93],"movement.":[94],"components":[97,109],"can":[98],"movement":[101],"coordinate-wise,":[102],"regional-wise,":[103],"or":[104],"frame-wise":[105],"if":[106],"are":[110],"estimable":[111],"analyze.":[114],"simulated":[116],"experiment":[117],"shows":[118],"that":[119,141],"statistically":[125],"superior":[126],"stepwise":[130],"treatment.":[131],"For":[132],"application,":[134],"deformation":[136],"caused":[137],"Tohoku":[139],"earthquake":[140],"happened":[142],"in":[143,145],"2011":[144],"northeast":[146],"Japan":[147],"analyzed.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}