{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384519159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295826","title":"Detecting <i>Sargassum</i> Bloom Directly From Satellite Top-of-Atmosphere Reflectance With High-Resolution Images","display_name":"Detecting <i>Sargassum</i> Bloom Directly From Satellite Top-of-Atmosphere Reflectance With High-Resolution Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384519159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053334200","display_name":"Hailong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-0604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767716","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics","ror":"https://ror.org/02q9ddr54","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544","https://openalex.org/I4391767716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hailong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657890","display_name":"Jianqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-5571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128742","display_name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service","ror":"https://ror.org/038fwcw54","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054530975","display_name":"Xiaomin Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-0125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128742","display_name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service","ror":"https://ror.org/038fwcw54","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051755337","display_name":"Yan Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-1495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109544","display_name":"Second Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01tkb7c15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou, MNR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Hangzhou, MNR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103069843","display_name":"Deyong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-2732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deyong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101583000","display_name":"Shengqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4725-1635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111918431","display_name":"Jingming Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125497","display_name":"Liaoning Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03616xn26","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125497"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingming Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lianyungang Meteorological Bureau, Lianyungang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lianyungang Meteorological Bureau, Lianyungang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125497"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053334200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125","https://openalex.org/I4391767716"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2717,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60137485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12073","display_name":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5332500338554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5067573189735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4300592243671417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3315655589103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1700560748577118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10702717304229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.0786353051662445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5332500338554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5067573189735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4300592243671417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3315655589103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1700560748577118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10702717304229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0786353051662445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1268104511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42176179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G206218384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC2803301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2215796515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QNHX2209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327057","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G390580453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42106176","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4169998766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42176181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4846234325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20211289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5525044027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202102005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316090","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5748774313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20KJB170028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5786934738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202003111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315873","funder_display_name":"China Three Gorges Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G631497823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20210667","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315873","display_name":"China Three Gorges Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02yqt2385"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316090","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327057","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511571041","https://openalex.org/W1981721600","https://openalex.org/W1982958115","https://openalex.org/W1998580401","https://openalex.org/W2029943649","https://openalex.org/W2062690577","https://openalex.org/W2101711129","https://openalex.org/W2101972284","https://openalex.org/W2136758825","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2150757437","https://openalex.org/W2216742482","https://openalex.org/W2301042755","https://openalex.org/W2467306443","https://openalex.org/W2578510134","https://openalex.org/W2749368893","https://openalex.org/W2766402529","https://openalex.org/W2883158098","https://openalex.org/W2895359416","https://openalex.org/W2911408852","https://openalex.org/W2954290092","https://openalex.org/W2955234199","https://openalex.org/W3011560410","https://openalex.org/W3037870660","https://openalex.org/W3125987965","https://openalex.org/W3147070868","https://openalex.org/W3156353112","https://openalex.org/W3172504417","https://openalex.org/W3173051634","https://openalex.org/W3194719203","https://openalex.org/W3198852142","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W6790092652","https://openalex.org/W6797633433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2013329914","https://openalex.org/W2392383081","https://openalex.org/W1618102658","https://openalex.org/W4205376403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"floating":[1],"<italic":[2,46,79,92,109,122,183,192,215,226,248,270],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[3,47,80,93,96,110,113,123,184,193,216,219,227,249,271],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Sargassum</i>":[4,48,81,124,185,228,250,272],"blooms":[5,284],"have":[6],"occurred":[7],"frequently":[8],"in":[9,39,285],"many":[10],"parts":[11],"of":[12,45,72,205,210,242,282],"the":[13,70,85,108,188,206,214,264],"global":[14,286],"ocean,":[15],"and":[16,42,74,87,173,191,199,236,246],"satellite":[17,31,61,127,140],"remote":[18],"sensing":[19],"provides":[20],"an":[21],"effective":[22],"way":[23,265],"to":[24,77,119,138],"monitor":[25],"their":[26],"spatiotemporal":[27],"variation.":[28],"However,":[29],"coarse-resolution":[30],"data":[32,37,99],"often":[33],"suffer":[34],"from":[35,125],"a":[36,104],"gap":[38],"nearshore":[40],"waters":[41],"detection":[43,280],"uncertainty":[44],"amount":[49],"especially":[50],"for":[51,181,266,278],"smaller":[52],"patches.":[53],"These":[54],"limitations":[55],"may":[56],"be":[57],"ameliorated":[58],"by":[59,69],"high-resolution":[60,126],"data,":[62],"yet":[63],"such":[64],"great":[65],"potential":[66],"is":[67],"hindered":[68],"lack":[71],"reliable":[73],"easy-to-implement":[75],"methods":[76],"detect":[78,121],"slicks.":[82],"Here,":[83],"combining":[84],"visible":[86],"near-infrared":[88],"top-of-atmosphere":[89],"reflectance":[90],"(":[91],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">R</i>":[94,111,217],"<sub":[95,112,218],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">TOA</sub>":[97,114,220],")":[98],"with":[100,129,170,187,252],"random":[101],"forest":[102],"model,":[103],"new":[105],"method":[106,281],"namely":[107],"-RF":[115,221],"model":[116,134,207,222],"was":[117,135],"designed":[118],"automatically":[120],"imagery":[128],"four":[130],"wavebands.":[131],"Specifically,":[132],"this":[133],"successfully":[136],"applied":[137],"various":[139],"sensors,":[141],"including":[142],"Gaofen1-Wide":[143],"Field":[144],"View":[145],"Multispectral":[146,152],"Camera":[147],"(WFV;":[148],"16m),":[149],"GF2":[150],"-":[151,158,164],"Scanner":[153],"(4m),":[154],"Gf6-WFV":[155],"(16m),":[156],"Huanjing1A/B":[157],"Charge":[159],"Coupled":[160],"Device":[161],"(30m),":[162],"Haiyang1C/D":[163],"Coastal":[165],"Zone":[166],"Imager":[167],"(50m).":[168],"Comparisons":[169],"visual":[171],"inspection":[172],"cross-index":[174],"indicated":[175],"that":[176],"all":[177],"achieved":[178],"satisfactory":[179],"performance":[180],"detecting":[182],"slicks,":[186],"overall":[189],"accuracy":[190],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Kappa</i>":[194],"values":[195],"greater":[196],"than":[197],"96%":[198],"88%":[200],"respectively.":[201],"The":[202,258],"sensitivity":[203],"analysis":[204],"as":[208],"example":[209],"different":[211],"sensors":[212],"suggested":[213],"can":[223],"effectively":[224],"identify":[225],"features":[229],"under":[230,240],"complex":[231],"ocean":[232],"background,":[233],"cloud":[234],"cover":[235],"sun":[237],"glint,":[238],"even":[239],"conditions":[241],"surface":[243],"wave":[244],"glitter":[245],"weak":[247],"feature":[251],"low":[253],"false":[254],"positive":[255],"rate":[256],"(<9.60%).":[257],"findings":[259],"here":[260],"not":[261],"only":[262],"pave":[263],"operational":[267],"monitoring":[268],"fine-scale":[269],",":[273],"but":[274],"importantly":[275],"provide":[276],"thought":[277],"developing":[279],"macroalgae":[283],"water.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}