{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384304559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295380","title":"A GPR Segregation Detection Method on Visual Textures and Dielectric Properties","display_name":"A GPR Segregation Detection Method on Visual Textures and Dielectric Properties","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384304559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074110925","display_name":"Yongjian Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-0948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongjian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078661467","display_name":"Xianmin Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-2166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianmin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085651839","display_name":"Zhihui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6027-8635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068033786","display_name":"Pengfei Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-1206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006559626","display_name":"Qian Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101431109","display_name":"Jing Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074110925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70437096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.9383568167686462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6964210271835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6375862956047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5498721599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4332696795463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4195009469985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.28301888704299927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.9383568167686462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6964210271835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6375862956047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5498721599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4332696795463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4195009469985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.28301888704299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3295380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8223566187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52131202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W574148309","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2019831869","https://openalex.org/W2065620552","https://openalex.org/W2096168716","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2164641162","https://openalex.org/W2169551590","https://openalex.org/W2182468100","https://openalex.org/W2184209589","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2401477020","https://openalex.org/W2472057509","https://openalex.org/W2534457893","https://openalex.org/W2580270094","https://openalex.org/W2603709656","https://openalex.org/W2623769514","https://openalex.org/W2782663736","https://openalex.org/W2790327408","https://openalex.org/W2794183852","https://openalex.org/W2892501742","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2955333808","https://openalex.org/W2956581425","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2964383971","https://openalex.org/W2983050543","https://openalex.org/W2985302978","https://openalex.org/W2995214997","https://openalex.org/W3006855808","https://openalex.org/W3006929973","https://openalex.org/W3013168438","https://openalex.org/W3017334782","https://openalex.org/W3094061413","https://openalex.org/W3100431304","https://openalex.org/W3104567893","https://openalex.org/W3167312727","https://openalex.org/W3176159176","https://openalex.org/W3181037324","https://openalex.org/W3196613952","https://openalex.org/W3198960713","https://openalex.org/W3205274176","https://openalex.org/W3215093560","https://openalex.org/W3216579595","https://openalex.org/W4224234024","https://openalex.org/W4224256204","https://openalex.org/W4225262884","https://openalex.org/W4232714830","https://openalex.org/W4281884783","https://openalex.org/W4283122479","https://openalex.org/W4283794063","https://openalex.org/W4285253033","https://openalex.org/W4285283508","https://openalex.org/W4286206457","https://openalex.org/W4312338658","https://openalex.org/W4313071739","https://openalex.org/W6683984541","https://openalex.org/W6686081509","https://openalex.org/W6686422135","https://openalex.org/W6720447163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2027762722","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W2049864679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pavement":[0],"segregation":[1,27,39,71,76,110,116,125,192,195],"reduces":[2],"pavement":[3,8],"strength":[4],"and":[5,13,34,102,119,127,133,147,173,176,194,218],"causes":[6],"early":[7],"damages.":[9],"As":[10,220],"a":[11,65,157,204,221,228],"convenient":[12],"nondestructive":[14],"subsurface":[15],"detection":[16],"technology,":[17],"Ground":[18],"Penetrating":[19],"Radar":[20],"(GPR)":[21],"is":[22,40,72,93,112,154],"widely":[23],"applied":[24],"to":[25,74,96,124,142,159,182],"detect":[26],"by":[28,43,77,115,168,187],"manual":[29],"interpretation.":[30],"This":[31],"induces":[32],"labor-intensive":[33],"time-consuming.":[35],"And":[36,106],"then":[37,107],"the":[38,55,63,88,98,108,184,200,208,223,238],"interpreted":[41],"automatically":[42,69],"image":[44],"processing":[45],"technology":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48,189,237],"GPR":[49,90,104,170,234],"B-scan":[50],"images.":[51],"However,":[52],"this":[53],"ignores":[54],"intrinsic":[56,82,134,243],"physical":[57,83,135,244],"properties":[58,84,136],"of":[59,85],"segregation.":[60,161],"To":[61],"address":[62],"problem,":[64],"new":[66,229],"method":[67,186,202,225],"for":[68,139,231],"detecting":[70],"proposed":[73,185,201,224],"interpret":[75],"combining":[78,239],"visual":[79,126,131,240],"features":[80,132,241],"with":[81,242],"segregations.":[86],"In":[87,162],"method,":[89],"data":[91],"preprocessing":[92],"carried":[94,180],"out":[95,181],"remove":[97],"subgrade":[99],"layer":[100],"disturbance":[101],"enhance":[103],"signal.":[105],"candidate":[109],"locating":[111],"put":[113],"forward":[114],"representation":[117],"index":[118],"graph":[120],"cuts":[121],"algorithm":[122],"according":[123,141],"statistical":[128],"characteristics.":[129],"Segregation":[130],"are":[137,166,179],"represented":[138],"recognition":[140],"gray":[143],"level":[144],"co-occurrence":[145],"matrix":[146],"dielectric":[148],"properties.":[149,245],"The":[150,197],"extreme":[151],"gradient":[152],"boosting":[153],"employed":[155],"as":[156,212],"classifier":[158],"recognize":[160],"experiments,":[163,175],"experiment":[164],"samples":[165],"collected":[167],"3D":[169],"testing":[171],"vehicle":[172],"coring":[174],"comparison":[177],"experiments":[178],"validate":[183],"analysis":[188],"feature":[190],"selection,":[191],"localization":[193],"recognition.":[196],"results":[198],"show":[199],"has":[203],"better":[205],"performance":[206],"than":[207],"other":[209],"methods,":[210],"such":[211],"multi-grained":[213],"cascade":[214],"forest,":[215],"deepLab":[216],"v3+":[217],"SegNet.":[219],"result,":[222],"will":[226],"provide":[227],"reference":[230],"automatic":[232],"interpretation":[233],"application,":[235],"especially,":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}