{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380303539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285436","title":"SSS Small Target Detection via Combining Weighted Sparse Model With Shadow Characteristics","display_name":"SSS Small Target Detection via Combining Weighted Sparse Model With Shadow Characteristics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380303539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354313","display_name":"Shaobo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-7778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaobo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-7778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101942869","display_name":"Jinfeng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-5193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090744","display_name":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/00jaxam28","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974","https://openalex.org/I4210090744"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047740642","display_name":"Yunlong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5487-5078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhou Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau, Xiaogan, China","Hubei Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau, Xiaogan, China; School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau, Xiaogan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau, Xiaogan, China; School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046853018","display_name":"Shaofeng Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1919-2746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaofeng Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112876636","display_name":"Guojun Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojun Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Survey Department, Naval Institute of Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Survey Department, Naval Institute of Hydrographic Surveying and Charting, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96307533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6767263412475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.5432965755462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4770338237285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.441336989402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sss*","display_name":"SSS*","score":0.4155106544494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3811059594154358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6767263412475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5432965755462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4770338237285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.441336989402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148699463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492668","display_name":"SSS*","level":2,"score":0.4155106544494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3811059594154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5962278366","display_name":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65f6\u53d8\u91cd\u529b\u573a\u5efa\u6a21\u53ca\u5730\u9707\u91cd\u529b\u6548\u5e94\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41931074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6364926887","display_name":"\u8054\u5408\u91cd\u529b\u548cGNSS\u624b\u6bb5\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e1c\u5317\u7f18\u9686\u5347\u53ca\u5176\u8d28\u91cf\u635f\u5931","funder_award_id":"41974096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6733344222","display_name":"\u673a\u8f7d\u84dd\u7eff\u6fc0\u5149\u6d4b\u6df1\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41974005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8151753531","display_name":"\u6d77\u4e0a\u5212\u754c\u548c\u5317\u6781\u822a\u7ebf\u4e13\u7528\u6d77\u56fe\u53ca\u5176\u6cd5\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971416","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482071412","https://openalex.org/W1963586106","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1989550328","https://openalex.org/W1998654108","https://openalex.org/W2093673036","https://openalex.org/W2101998370","https://openalex.org/W2118120419","https://openalex.org/W2145152441","https://openalex.org/W2155161883","https://openalex.org/W2472688184","https://openalex.org/W2578504242","https://openalex.org/W2791767745","https://openalex.org/W2795224146","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2906757175","https://openalex.org/W2908524565","https://openalex.org/W2910234612","https://openalex.org/W2921709033","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2970456284","https://openalex.org/W3009376633","https://openalex.org/W3086144474","https://openalex.org/W3094550093","https://openalex.org/W3099910360","https://openalex.org/W3106608482","https://openalex.org/W3120696728","https://openalex.org/W3121096173","https://openalex.org/W3183827001","https://openalex.org/W3197086755","https://openalex.org/W3207759847","https://openalex.org/W4205315828","https://openalex.org/W4313169255","https://openalex.org/W6647761816","https://openalex.org/W6677677282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254148397","https://openalex.org/W2130422680","https://openalex.org/W2262308488","https://openalex.org/W2291521583","https://openalex.org/W2181393623","https://openalex.org/W3183058467","https://openalex.org/W2068666169","https://openalex.org/W2391599106","https://openalex.org/W2361521353","https://openalex.org/W2471536674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"acquirement":[1],"of":[2,9,14,82,96,103,111,121,210],"seafloor":[3],"small":[4,22,59,67],"target":[5,23,68,182],"information":[6,51,92,102],"is":[7,74,115,166],"one":[8],"the":[10,48,83,90,94,100,104,107,112,119,128,132,151,153,158,171,189,195,208,211],"most":[11],"important":[12],"tasks":[13],"a":[15,64,79,122,161,175],"side-scan":[16],"sonar":[17],"(SSS)":[18],"survey.":[19],"Thus,":[20],"SSS":[21,29,66,84,105,202],"detection":[24,69,164,177,183,191,197],"becomes":[25],"fundamental":[26],"work":[27],"for":[28,35,118],"applications":[30],"which":[31,55],"holds":[32],"vital":[33],"importance":[34],"marine":[36],"engineering,":[37],"maritime":[38],"military":[39],"and":[40,147,179],"so":[41],"on.":[42],"However,":[43],"existing":[44],"methods":[45],"cannot":[46],"take":[47,170],"prior":[49,91,101],"shadow":[50,72],"into":[52,173],"consideration":[53],"well,":[54],"would":[56],"easily":[57],"miss":[58],"targets.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"novel":[65],"method":[70,178,184],"considering":[71,99],"characteristics":[73,95],"proposed.":[75,167,186],"First,":[76],"we":[77,193],"give":[78],"detailed":[80],"analysis":[81],"imaging":[85],"theory":[86],"as":[87,89,155,157],"well":[88,156],"about":[93],"shadows.":[97],"Then,":[98],"short-shadow,":[106],"second":[108],"partial":[109],"derivative":[110],"Gaussian":[113],"function":[114],"specifically":[116],"introduced":[117],"construction":[120],"weighted":[123,129,162],"item.":[124],"After":[125],"that,":[126],"incorporating":[127],"item":[130],"with":[131],"<italic":[133,140],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[134,137,141,144],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">l</i>":[135,142],"<sub":[136,143],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">21</sub>":[138],"-norm,":[139,146],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sub>":[145],"low-rank":[148],"constraints":[149],"on":[150,201],"noise,":[152],"target,":[154],"background,":[159],"respectively,":[160],"sparse":[163],"model":[165],"To":[168],"further":[169],"long-shadows":[172],"consideration,":[174],"long-shadow":[176],"its":[180],"corresponding":[181],"are":[185],"By":[187],"combining":[188],"two":[190],"results,":[192],"get":[194],"comprehensive":[196],"result.":[198],"Experiments":[199],"based":[200],"images":[203],"in":[204],"different":[205],"scenarios":[206],"proved":[207],"validity":[209],"proposed":[212],"method.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
