{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379984977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285037","title":"EMC\u00b2A-Net: An Efficient Multibranch Cross-Channel Attention Network for SAR Target Classification","display_name":"EMC\u00b2A-Net: An Efficient Multibranch Cross-Channel Attention Network for SAR Target Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379984977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695162","display_name":"Xiang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-1210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799736854","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-1210","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101444862","display_name":"Ying Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6102-9805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799736854","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6102-9805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003529094","display_name":"Zhe Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-3556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-3556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083815471","display_name":"Xiaohua Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8897-3517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799736854","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8897-3517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068832662","display_name":"Qinglu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2891-9399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799736854","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799736854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784062","display_name":"Daiyin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-8635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiyin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-8635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93743703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6279458999633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5648615956306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5397570729255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.49414876103401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47485923767089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4129485487937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41273170709609985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6279458999633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5648615956306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5397570729255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.49414876103401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47485923767089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4129485487937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41273170709609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3285037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1460059701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1560837176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2922553101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YKJ201982","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324885","funder_display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5831207941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020B1515120060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6945706764","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324885","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n6txq60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2071550934","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2111847198","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2124014399","https://openalex.org/W2124648367","https://openalex.org/W2133693888","https://openalex.org/W2148791593","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2325730948","https://openalex.org/W2356787141","https://openalex.org/W2361563688","https://openalex.org/W2410591237","https://openalex.org/W2592939477","https://openalex.org/W2596246567","https://openalex.org/W2738215175","https://openalex.org/W2765957155","https://openalex.org/W2802881393","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2890289853","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963993763","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2980565715","https://openalex.org/W3003896119","https://openalex.org/W3034429256","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3175450634","https://openalex.org/W3191568623","https://openalex.org/W3194626341","https://openalex.org/W3198651093","https://openalex.org/W3206592039","https://openalex.org/W4220869071","https://openalex.org/W4225868495","https://openalex.org/W4226224676","https://openalex.org/W4251033893","https://openalex.org/W4285604868","https://openalex.org/W4297779039","https://openalex.org/W4297810817","https://openalex.org/W4316664310","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6679901780","https://openalex.org/W6741944875","https://openalex.org/W6753038380","https://openalex.org/W6755310813","https://openalex.org/W6780493881","https://openalex.org/W6804570246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4386159726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"convolutional":[3],"neural":[4],"networks":[5],"(CNNs)":[6],"have":[7],"demonstrated":[8],"significant":[9],"potential":[10],"for":[11],"synthetic":[12],"aperture":[13],"radar":[14],"(SAR)":[15],"target":[16,39,198],"recognition.":[17],"SAR":[18],"images":[19],"possess":[20],"a":[21,73,96,140,157,222,249],"strong":[22],"sense":[23],"of":[24,30,133,172,216],"granularity":[25],"and":[26,38,76,98,180,196,200,220,252],"contain":[27],"texture":[28],"features":[29,121],"varying":[31],"scales,":[32],"including":[33],"speckle":[34],"noise,":[35],"dominant":[36],"scatterers,":[37],"contours,":[40],"which":[41,155],"are":[42],"not":[43],"typically":[44],"considered":[45],"in":[46],"traditional":[47],"CNN":[48,83],"models.":[49],"This":[50,166],"article":[51,138],"proposes":[52],"two":[53],"residual":[54],"blocks,":[55,65],"termed":[56],"multibranch":[57,74],"cross-channel":[58,143,254],"attention":[59,144,185],"(EMC":[60],"<sup":[61,87,103,150,207,236],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[62,88,104,151,208,237],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[63,89,105,152,209,238],"A)":[64],"with":[66,112],"multiscale":[67,119,134,141,159],"receptive":[68],"fields":[69],"(RFs)":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72,193],"structure":[75,92],"designs":[77],"an":[78],"efficient":[79,176],"isotopic":[80],"architecture":[81],"deep":[82],"(DCNN)":[84],"called":[85],"EMC":[86,102,149,206,235],"A-Net,":[90],"whose":[91],"is":[93],"interpretable":[94],"from":[95],"probability":[97],"mathematical":[99],"statistics":[100],"perspective.":[101],"A":[106,153,239],"blocks":[107],"employ":[108],"parallel":[109],"dilated":[110],"convolution":[111,179],"different":[113],"dilation":[114],"rates":[115],"to":[116,183],"effectively":[117],"capture":[118],"contextual":[120],"without":[122,163],"significantly":[123,241],"increasing":[124],"the":[125,131,148,170,187,194,212,217,234,243],"computational":[126],"load.":[127],"To":[128],"further":[129,231],"enhance":[130],"efficiency":[132],"feature":[135,142,160],"fusion,":[136],"this":[137],"presented":[139],"module,":[145,154],"known":[146],"as":[147],"adopts":[156],"local":[158],"interaction":[161],"strategy":[162,167],"dimensionality":[164],"reduction.":[165],"adaptively":[168],"adjusts":[169],"weights":[171],"each":[173],"channel":[174],"using":[175],"one-dimensional":[177],"(1-D)-circular":[178],"sigmoid":[181],"function":[182],"guide":[184],"at":[186],"global":[188],"channel-wise":[189],"level.":[190],"Comparative":[191],"results":[192,230],"moving":[195],"stationary":[197],"acquisition":[199],"recognition":[201],"(MSTAR)":[202],"dataset":[203],"demonstrate":[204,232],"that":[205,233],"A-Net":[210],"outperforms":[211],"other":[213],"available":[214],"models":[215],"same":[218],"type":[219],"possesses":[221],"relatively":[223],"lightweight":[224],"network":[225],"structure.":[226],"The":[227],"ablation":[228],"experimental":[229],"module":[240],"enhances":[242],"model\u2019s":[244],"performance":[245],"by":[246],"utilizing":[247],"only":[248],"few":[250],"parameters":[251],"appropriate":[253],"interactions.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2023-06-10T00:00:00"}