{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379382429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3282951","title":"UCSL: Toward Unsupervised Common Subspace Learning for Cross-Modal Image Classification","display_name":"UCSL: Toward Unsupervised Common Subspace Learning for Cross-Modal Image Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379382429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3282951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3282951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3282951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013885739","display_name":"Jing Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-9758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075013625","display_name":"Danfeng Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-9584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danfeng Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405763","display_name":"Haipeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-1122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","Naval Aviation University, Yantai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Aviation University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458768","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-3024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Wuhan Digital Engineering Institute, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Digital Engineering Institute, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106124934","display_name":"Jocelyn Chanussot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124956","display_name":"Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02wrme198","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210124956","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["CN","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jocelyn Chanussot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-Lab, Grenoble, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, GIPSA-Lab, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I4210124956","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013885739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8997,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94140669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7588921189308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6265556216239929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.6117892861366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5793960094451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5401709079742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.5395632386207581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.44023072719573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.4318312704563141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.42326316237449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4205547571182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41860151290893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.41732969880104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.4104993939399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3664013147354126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7588921189308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6265556216239929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.6117892861366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5793960094451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5401709079742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.5395632386207581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.44023072719573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.4318312704563141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.42326316237449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4205547571182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41860151290893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41732969880104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.4104993939399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3664013147354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3282951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3282951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04473690v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04473690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922466","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2023, 61, pp.1-12. ⟨10.1109/TGRS.2023.3282951⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5484287860","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271350","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6629202286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3903401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6663658177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201553","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321048","display_name":"AXA Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/02zxqxw53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46086471","https://openalex.org/W1500583457","https://openalex.org/W1974981350","https://openalex.org/W2054271410","https://openalex.org/W2054689043","https://openalex.org/W2089323474","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2140797190","https://openalex.org/W2141424348","https://openalex.org/W2167255285","https://openalex.org/W2342570481","https://openalex.org/W2595902385","https://openalex.org/W2610884537","https://openalex.org/W2743255627","https://openalex.org/W2773496001","https://openalex.org/W2902746003","https://openalex.org/W2907147407","https://openalex.org/W2910655660","https://openalex.org/W2941704308","https://openalex.org/W2971007343","https://openalex.org/W2996478649","https://openalex.org/W3004968762","https://openalex.org/W3040988483","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3086331879","https://openalex.org/W3093860417","https://openalex.org/W3093896170","https://openalex.org/W3097353710","https://openalex.org/W3100714546","https://openalex.org/W3102692100","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3104418202","https://openalex.org/W3105997607","https://openalex.org/W3106488531","https://openalex.org/W3135445258","https://openalex.org/W3154512708","https://openalex.org/W3168367808","https://openalex.org/W3209540366","https://openalex.org/W4220981189","https://openalex.org/W4229706427","https://openalex.org/W4230962939","https://openalex.org/W4280634871","https://openalex.org/W4295308382","https://openalex.org/W4301491118","https://openalex.org/W4312981150","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4313824533","https://openalex.org/W6607294040","https://openalex.org/W6682991666","https://openalex.org/W6686207219","https://openalex.org/W6697225824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W4313014865","https://openalex.org/W2019190440","https://openalex.org/W2343470940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,234],"emerging":[1],"research":[2],"line":[3],"of":[4,11,62,124,133,196,204,253],"cross-modal":[5,65,101],"learning":[6,66],"focuses":[7],"on":[8,74,212],"the":[9,24,37,63,97,110,122,129,140,149,154,161,194,202,251],"issue":[10],"transferring":[12],"feature":[13,102],"representation":[14,103,127],"manner":[15],"learned":[16,179],"from":[17],"limited":[18,80],"multimodal":[19,111,214],"data":[20,44,112],"with":[21,27,71,193,216],"labelings":[22],"to":[23,50,84,99,147,249],"testing":[25],"phase":[26],"partial":[28],"modalities.":[29],"This":[30],"is":[31],"essentially":[32],"common":[33,125,169],"and":[34,138,142,163,181,228,231,236,256],"practical":[35],"in":[36,46,94,104,167],"remote":[38],"sensing":[39],"community":[40],"when":[41],"only":[42],"modal-incomplete":[43],"are":[45],"users\u2019":[47],"hands":[48],"due":[49,83],"inevitable":[51],"imaging":[52],"or":[53,81],"access":[54],"restrictions":[55],"under":[56],"large-scale":[57],"observation":[58],"scenarios.":[59],"However,":[60],"most":[61],"existing":[64],"methods":[67],"have":[68],"been":[69],"designed":[70],"exclusive":[72],"reliance":[73],"labeling,":[75],"which":[76],"can":[77,177,184],"be":[78,178,185,239],"either":[79],"noisy":[82],"their":[85,174,182],"costly":[86],"production.":[87],"To":[88],"address":[89],"this":[90,95,159,168],"issue,":[91],"we":[92,119,200],"explore":[93],"paper":[96],"possibility":[98],"learn":[100],"an":[105],"unsupervised":[106],"fashion.":[107],"By":[108],"integrating":[109],"into":[113],"a":[114,189,246],"fully":[115],"recombined":[116],"matrix":[117],"form,":[118],"propose":[120],"1)":[121],"use":[123],"subspace":[126,170],"as":[128,171,173],"regression":[130],"target":[131],"instead":[132],"conventionally":[134],"adopted":[135],"binary":[136],"labels,":[137],"2)":[139],"orthogonality":[141],"manifold":[143,156],"alignment":[144],"regularization":[145],"terms":[146],"shrink":[148],"solution":[150],"space":[151],"whilst":[152],"preserving":[153],"pairwise":[155],"correlations.":[157],"Through":[158],"manner,":[160],"modality-specific":[162],"mutual":[164],"latent":[165],"representations":[166],"well":[172],"corresponding":[175],"projections":[176],"simultaneously":[180],"optimums":[183],"efficiently":[186],"reached":[187],"through":[188,207],"nearly":[190],"one-step":[191],"computation":[192],"help":[195],"Eigen":[197],"decomposition.":[198],"Finally,":[199],"show":[201],"superiority":[203],"our":[205,254],"method":[206,255],"extensive":[208],"image":[209],"classification":[210],"experiments":[211],"three":[213],"datasets":[215],"four":[217],"remotely":[218],"sensed":[219],"modalities":[220],"involved":[221],"(i.e.,":[222],"hyperspectral,":[223],"multispectral,":[224],"synthetic":[225],"aperture":[226],"radar,":[227],"light":[229],"detection":[230],"ranging":[232],"data).":[233],"code":[235],"dataset":[237],"will":[238],"made":[240],"freely":[241],"available":[242],"at":[243],"https://github.com/jingyao16/UCSL":[244],"after":[245],"possible":[247],"publication":[248],"encourage":[250],"reproduction":[252],"further":[257],"use.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}