{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4375802377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3273329","title":"Negation Invariant Representations of 3-D Vectors for Deep Learning Models Applied to Fault Geometry Mapping in 3-D Seismic Reflection Data","display_name":"Negation Invariant Representations of 3-D Vectors for Deep Learning Models Applied to Fault Geometry Mapping in 3-D Seismic Reflection Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4375802377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3273329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3273329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3273329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/38558/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036235425","display_name":"Daniel Kluvanec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-7383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kluvanec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-7383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045910083","display_name":"Ken McCaffrey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-1709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth J. W. McCaffrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046206803","display_name":"Thomas Phillips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6783-9092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B. Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017619842","display_name":"Noura Al Moubayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-355X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noura Al Moubayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-355X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5238,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60588384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10892","display_name":"Drilling and Well Engineering","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6346567273139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.6262654662132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.613883912563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5165106654167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-vector","display_name":"Euclidean vector","score":0.4830663502216339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.4752366840839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4419676959514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negation","display_name":"Negation","score":0.43553316593170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4176884889602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.4154170751571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4147951602935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.3459204435348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19160789251327515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6346567273139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6262654662132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.613883912563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5165106654167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118965365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44528","display_name":"Euclidean vector","level":2,"score":0.4830663502216339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.4752366840839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4419676959514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2185349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190558","display_name":"Negation","level":2,"score":0.43553316593170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4176884889602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.4154170751571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4147951602935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3459204435348511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19160789251327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3273329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3273329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:38558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/38558/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196258","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2023 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1174917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1174917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:38558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/38558/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196258","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2023 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4049282634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25R17P01847","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320664","funder_display_name":"Durham University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320664","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892339738","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1964655247","https://openalex.org/W2039959270","https://openalex.org/W2117756735","https://openalex.org/W2118701387","https://openalex.org/W2119344328","https://openalex.org/W2287473451","https://openalex.org/W2564980658","https://openalex.org/W2790952361","https://openalex.org/W2911424749","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963787510","https://openalex.org/W2979419929","https://openalex.org/W2982350982","https://openalex.org/W2982445554","https://openalex.org/W2987175876","https://openalex.org/W3021946109","https://openalex.org/W3034268164","https://openalex.org/W3092406711","https://openalex.org/W3111290062","https://openalex.org/W3124259473","https://openalex.org/W3153344593","https://openalex.org/W3157386224","https://openalex.org/W3169279223","https://openalex.org/W3206944555","https://openalex.org/W3208376761","https://openalex.org/W4294831546","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6803158277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059922809","https://openalex.org/W2387527986","https://openalex.org/W2479250593","https://openalex.org/W4283261428","https://openalex.org/W2131148043","https://openalex.org/W2092783274","https://openalex.org/W4391025849","https://openalex.org/W2389908864","https://openalex.org/W2362978029","https://openalex.org/W2188238335"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,27,71,110,148,169,226],"can":[1,41],"represent":[2],"the":[3,55,69,73,77,98,108,115,118,125,129,150,153,157,160,172,181,200,206,210],"orientation":[4,78,101,116],"of":[5,24,32,79,102,114,117,152,178,197,199,224],"a":[6,45,80,83,121,166],"plane":[7,16,81],"in":[8,34,107,120,146,188,205],"3D":[9,35,162],"by":[10,44,75,87,155],"its":[11],"normal":[12,19],"vector.":[13],"However,":[14],"every":[15,105],"has":[17],"two":[18],"vectors":[20,33],"that":[21,36,60,127,135],"are":[22,37,61],"negatives":[23],"each":[25],"other.":[26],"propose":[28],"four":[29],"novel":[30],"representations":[31,59,74,154],"negation":[38,62],"invariant":[39],"and":[40,65,86,100],"be":[42],"used":[43],"neural":[46],"network":[47],"to":[48,57,90,142],"predict":[49,97],"orientation.":[50],"Our":[51,190],"proposed":[52],"solution":[53],"is":[54,213],"first":[56],"introduce":[58],"invariant,":[63],"continuous":[64],"easily":[66],"parallelisable":[67],"on":[68,82,124,159],"GPU.":[70],"evaluate":[72],"predicting":[76],"toy":[84],"task,":[85],"applying":[88],"them":[89],"synthetic":[91],"seismic":[92],"tomographic":[93],"data":[94],"where":[95,209],"we":[96],"presence":[99],"faults":[103,119,130,145],"for":[104,230],"voxel":[106],"volume.":[109],"further":[111],"make":[112],"use":[113],"post-processing":[122],"algorithm":[123],"GPU":[126],"separates":[128],"into":[131],"segments":[132],"(i.e.":[133],"instances)":[134],"do":[136],"not":[137],"intersect,":[138],"which":[139],"allows":[140],"us":[141],"selectively":[143],"visualise":[144],"3D.":[147],"demonstrate":[149],"utility":[151],"deploying":[156],"model":[158,201],"Laminaria":[161],"Seismic":[163],"volume":[164,182],"as":[165,183,185],"case":[167],"study.":[168],"quantitatively":[170],"compare":[171],"model\u2019s":[173],"prediction":[174],"against":[175],"human":[176,203],"interpretations":[177,187],"slices":[179],"through":[180],"well":[184],"existing":[186],"literature.":[189],"analysis":[191],"shows":[192],"good":[193],"agreement":[194,217],"(F1":[195,222],"score":[196,223],"88%)":[198],"with":[202],"interpretation":[204],"shallow":[207],"levels,":[208],"ambient":[211],"noise":[212],"lower,":[214],"but":[215],"this":[216,231],"degrades":[218],"at":[219],"deeper":[220],"levels":[221],"68%).":[225],"explore":[227],"possible":[228],"reasons":[229],"degradation.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
