{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4368232741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3272639","title":"AAtt-CNN: Automatic Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"AAtt-CNN: Automatic Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4368232741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3272639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3272639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3272639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046123228","display_name":"Mercedes E. Paoletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-3729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mercedes E. Paoletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, Escuela Politécnica, Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, Escuela Politécnica, Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019044105","display_name":"Sergio Moreno\u2010\u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1858-9920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Moreno-\u00c1lvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems Engineering and Telematics, Escuela Politécnica, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering and Telematics, Escuela Politécnica, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012475436","display_name":"Yu Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-7547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039673511","display_name":"Juan M. Haut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6701-961X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Haut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, Escuela Politécnica, Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, Escuela Politécnica, Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054292278","display_name":"Antonio Plaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-1659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Plaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, Escuela Politécnica, Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology of Computers and Communications, Escuela Politécnica, Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046123228"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1469,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9822433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8460075855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8354102373123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7357540130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7118533849716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6310280561447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6121147274971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5905922055244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.501178503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4852032959461212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.426910400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39816349744796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3640322685241699}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8460075855255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8354102373123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7357540130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7118533849716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6310280561447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6121147274971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5905922055244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.501178503036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4852032959461212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.426910400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39816349744796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3640322685241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3272639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3272639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-spacio.uned.es:20.500.14468/24405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3272639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055166","display_name":"UNED repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2588716321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GR21040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328352","funder_display_name":"Junta de Extremadura"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G507547718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-110315RBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5740916904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GR21099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328352","funder_display_name":"Junta de Extremadura"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7470054914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IB20040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328352","funder_display_name":"Junta de Extremadura"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328352","display_name":"Junta de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/01df4mv68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1993660315","https://openalex.org/W2001298023","https://openalex.org/W2004104348","https://openalex.org/W2004915807","https://openalex.org/W2004990382","https://openalex.org/W2039409148","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2111935653","https://openalex.org/W2113464037","https://openalex.org/W2114819256","https://openalex.org/W2164437025","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2465503420","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2505399031","https://openalex.org/W2532852010","https://openalex.org/W2572303978","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2789322278","https://openalex.org/W2793272303","https://openalex.org/W2807621615","https://openalex.org/W2809113079","https://openalex.org/W2886666371","https://openalex.org/W2886899115","https://openalex.org/W2887063112","https://openalex.org/W2888119354","https://openalex.org/W2892621946","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W2941141441","https://openalex.org/W2943270518","https://openalex.org/W2946547492","https://openalex.org/W2949925172","https://openalex.org/W2950266692","https://openalex.org/W2951104886","https://openalex.org/W2960010704","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963821229","https://openalex.org/W2963946985","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2967733054","https://openalex.org/W2976477742","https://openalex.org/W2977002487","https://openalex.org/W2981748264","https://openalex.org/W2991209609","https://openalex.org/W2991616716","https://openalex.org/W2991865074","https://openalex.org/W2994295705","https://openalex.org/W2997699039","https://openalex.org/W3017059353","https://openalex.org/W3025719176","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3047895866","https://openalex.org/W3074779148","https://openalex.org/W3089820912","https://openalex.org/W3091245084","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3107893198","https://openalex.org/W3122817280","https://openalex.org/W3127327694","https://openalex.org/W3128163562","https://openalex.org/W3128861763","https://openalex.org/W3129613340","https://openalex.org/W3130635520","https://openalex.org/W3132115664","https://openalex.org/W3139745482","https://openalex.org/W3150570724","https://openalex.org/W3160949528","https://openalex.org/W3164008977","https://openalex.org/W3167109952","https://openalex.org/W3177857673","https://openalex.org/W3202748052","https://openalex.org/W4205615939","https://openalex.org/W4205886585","https://openalex.org/W4210379926","https://openalex.org/W4210785162","https://openalex.org/W4210794570","https://openalex.org/W4255158661","https://openalex.org/W4285111340","https://openalex.org/W4285181047","https://openalex.org/W4285306522","https://openalex.org/W4288348012","https://openalex.org/W4295185264","https://openalex.org/W4297094428","https://openalex.org/W4297778814","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6678911119","https://openalex.org/W6729956949","https://openalex.org/W6729972426","https://openalex.org/W6734593296","https://openalex.org/W6745728296","https://openalex.org/W6748587240","https://openalex.org/W6752515464","https://openalex.org/W6753303928","https://openalex.org/W6754183330","https://openalex.org/W6754419462","https://openalex.org/W6757570504","https://openalex.org/W6761996617","https://openalex.org/W6762685601","https://openalex.org/W6776078106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2963346891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"models":[1],"have":[2,78],"provided":[3],"outstanding":[4],"performance":[5],"in":[6,140,185],"the":[7,80,96,134,146,151,155],"analysis":[8],"of":[9,82,98,137,178],"hyperspectral":[10],"images":[11],"(HSIs).":[12],"These":[13],"architectures":[14,32,47,90,188],"are":[15,33,48,130],"carefully":[16],"designed":[17],"to":[18,69,107,132,153,192],"extract":[19],"intricate":[20],"information":[21,138],"from":[22,142],"non-linear":[23],"features":[24],"for":[25,39,51,87,116,189],"classification":[26,118],"tasks.":[27],"Notwithstanding":[28],"their":[29],"results,":[30],"model":[31],"manually":[34],"engineered":[35],"and":[36,110,126],"further":[37],"optimized":[38],"generalized":[40],"feature":[41],"extraction.":[42],"In":[43,73],"general":[44],"terms,":[45],"deep":[46],"time":[49],"consuming":[50],"complex":[52],"scenarios":[53],"since":[54],"they":[55],"require":[56],"fine":[57],"tuning.":[58],"Neural":[59],"architecture":[60],"search":[61,86],"(NAS)":[62],"has":[63],"emerged":[64],"as":[65],"a":[66,104,175],"suitable":[67],"approach":[68],"tackle":[70],"this":[71,99],"shortcoming.":[72],"parallel,":[74],"modern":[75],"attention-based":[76],"methods":[77],"boosted":[79],"recognition":[81],"sophisticated":[83],"features.":[84],"The":[85],"optimal":[88,187],"neural":[89,113],"combined":[91],"with":[92,160,166],"attention":[93,121],"procedures":[94],"motivates":[95],"development":[97],"work.":[100],"This":[101],"paper":[102],"develops":[103],"new":[105],"method":[106,149],"automatically":[108],"design":[109],"optimize":[111],"convolutional":[112],"networks":[114],"(CNNs)":[115],"HSI":[117,179],"using":[119,174],"channel-based":[120],"mechanisms.":[122],"Specifically,":[123],"one-dimensional":[124],"(1D)":[125],"spectral-spatial":[127],"(3D)":[128],"classifiers":[129],"considered":[131],"handle":[133],"large":[135,156],"amount":[136],"contained":[139],"HSIs":[141],"different":[143],"perspectives.":[144],"Furthermore,":[145],"proposed":[147],"AAtt-CNN":[148,183],"meets":[150],"requirement":[152],"lower":[154],"computational":[157],"overheads":[158],"associated":[159],"architectural":[161],"search.":[162],"It":[163],"is":[164],"compared":[165],"current":[167],"state-of-the-art":[168],"(SOTA)":[169],"classifiers.":[170],"Our":[171],"experiments,":[172],"conducted":[173],"wide":[176],"range":[177],"images,":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"that":[182],"succeeds":[184],"finding":[186],"classification,":[190],"leading":[191],"SOTA":[193],"results.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}