{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4365130377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3266373","title":"Ship Detection in SAR Images Based on Multilevel Superpixel Segmentation and Fuzzy Fusion","display_name":"Ship Detection in SAR Images Based on Multilevel Superpixel Segmentation and Fuzzy Fusion","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4365130377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3266373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3266373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3266373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427500","display_name":"Qian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4289-5004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347802","display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6724-8647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6724-8647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101935349","display_name":"Shichao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-9149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3174185376","display_name":"China South Industries Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0f2b96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["No. 203 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"No. 203 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694870","display_name":"Fugang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4559-3228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3174185376","display_name":"China South Industries Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0f2b96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fugang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["No. 203 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"No. 203 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021408538","display_name":"Mengdao Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdao Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-0915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100427500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92769701,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7243319153785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7201912999153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7061041593551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5662378072738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5619907975196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5264167189598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5162570476531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4992032051086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4956456422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.43503522872924805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7243319153785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7201912999153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7061041593551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5662378072738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5619907975196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5264167189598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5162570476531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4992032051086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4956456422805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.43503522872924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3266373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3266373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1068298742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3725699174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GK202103088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508404128","https://openalex.org/W1995450389","https://openalex.org/W2064286937","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2090991102","https://openalex.org/W2112289862","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2119531662","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2124260943","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2138447111","https://openalex.org/W2169551590","https://openalex.org/W2293105860","https://openalex.org/W2324539079","https://openalex.org/W2328148566","https://openalex.org/W2518143623","https://openalex.org/W2523566712","https://openalex.org/W2598492571","https://openalex.org/W2601495055","https://openalex.org/W2606355182","https://openalex.org/W2765879893","https://openalex.org/W2766440712","https://openalex.org/W2789356183","https://openalex.org/W2809079007","https://openalex.org/W2809395972","https://openalex.org/W2904480641","https://openalex.org/W2921103930","https://openalex.org/W2928007866","https://openalex.org/W2944429688","https://openalex.org/W2945368469","https://openalex.org/W2962688977","https://openalex.org/W2972383321","https://openalex.org/W3011032387","https://openalex.org/W3037920964","https://openalex.org/W3042116930","https://openalex.org/W3042132383","https://openalex.org/W3044925868","https://openalex.org/W3089780760","https://openalex.org/W3102159535","https://openalex.org/W3102206498","https://openalex.org/W3119312984","https://openalex.org/W3127348599","https://openalex.org/W3131163550","https://openalex.org/W3163919205","https://openalex.org/W3208802052","https://openalex.org/W3217154795","https://openalex.org/W4293378577","https://openalex.org/W6678914141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2387399993","https://openalex.org/W2389739210","https://openalex.org/W2348924972","https://openalex.org/W2365736347","https://openalex.org/W2047454415","https://openalex.org/W2070040999","https://openalex.org/W2387293848","https://openalex.org/W2080473508","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Superpixel":[0],"can":[1,173],"maintain":[2],"the":[3,6,10,29,32,39,64,79,90,93,103,106,118,125,136,143,160,186,189,200],"boundary":[4],"of":[5,12,31,41,78,92,105,188],"target":[7,26,44,56,163],"and":[8,197],"reduce":[9],"influence":[11],"speckle":[13],"noise,":[14],"which":[15],"has":[16,34],"been":[17],"widely":[18],"applied":[19],"to":[20,101,116,158,199],"synthetic":[21],"aperture":[22],"radar":[23],"(SAR)":[24],"image":[25],"detection.":[27],"But":[28],"size":[30],"superpixel":[33,61,74,201],"a":[35,53,154],"great":[36],"impact":[37],"on":[38,60],"performance":[40],"superpixel-based":[42],"SAR":[43,65,80,182],"detection":[45,57,127,145,164],"algorithms.":[46],"To":[47],"solve":[48],"this":[49],"problem,":[50],"we":[51,88,109],"propose":[52,110],"multi-level":[54],"ship":[55,162,195],"algorithm":[58,191],"based":[59],"segmentation.":[62],"Firstly,":[63],"images":[66,81,183],"are":[67,82,129,151],"segmented":[68],"in":[69,84,95,99,121,131,148,180,192],"different":[70,73,85,149,170,181],"levels":[71,150],"with":[72],"sizes.":[75],"Different":[76],"descriptions":[77],"obtained":[83,147],"levels.":[86],"Secondly,":[87],"determine":[89],"feature":[91],"superpixels":[94,120],"each":[96,122,132],"level.":[97,123],"And":[98],"order":[100],"enhance":[102],"adaptability":[104],"proposed":[107,190],"algorithm,":[108],"an":[111],"adaptive":[112],"distance":[113],"calculation":[114],"method":[115],"select":[117],"contrast":[119],"Thirdly,":[124],"soft":[126,144],"results":[128,146],"realized":[130],"level":[133],"by":[134,153,169,177],"using":[135],"fuzzy":[137],"C-means":[138],"(FCM)":[139],"algorithm.":[140],"At":[141],"last,":[142],"fused":[152],"new":[155],"fusion":[156],"strategy":[157],"achieve":[159],"final":[161],"result.":[165],"The":[166],"influences":[167],"caused":[168],"superxiel":[171],"sizes":[172],"be":[174],"effectively":[175],"eased":[176],"fusion.":[178],"Experiments":[179],"have":[184],"verified":[185],"effectiveness":[187],"accurately":[193],"detecting":[194],"targets":[196],"insensitivity":[198],"size.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
