{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362683578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3265025","title":"Instance-Aware Spatial-Frequency Feature Fusion Detector for Oriented Object Detection in Remote-Sensing Images","display_name":"Instance-Aware Spatial-Frequency Feature Fusion Detector for Oriented Object Detection in Remote-Sensing Images","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362683578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3265025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3265025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3265025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010595253","display_name":"Shangdong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7444-3459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangdong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7444-3459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031361250","display_name":"Zebin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-0202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zebin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-0202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649896","display_name":"Yang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-9705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sense, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-9705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging and Intelligent Sense, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070343691","display_name":"Zhihui Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-6051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihui Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4841-6051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93584802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7778766751289368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6326003074645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6233614087104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.608772337436676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.6047782897949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6047773957252502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5900924205780029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5723299384117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.56852787733078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5627857446670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.513218879699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4960709512233734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.49163752794265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4652940034866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46246737241744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41308844089508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12826356291770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11452871561050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07745608687400818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7778766751289368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6326003074645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6233614087104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.608772337436676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.6047782897949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6047773957252502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5900924205780029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5723299384117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.56852787733078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5627857446670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.513218879699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4960709512233734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.49163752794265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4652940034866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46246737241744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41308844089508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12826356291770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11452871561050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07745608687400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3265025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3265025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1009658786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3059471314","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20191409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4266622271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30921011209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4586324220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30919011402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5495545777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5617332474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30919011103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6529097563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSGP202204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6756378969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20180018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8149237285","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5149\u8c31\u53d8\u5316\u89e3\u6df7\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u56fe\u50cf\u8d85\u5206\u8fa8\u5f20\u91cf\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8620067024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30917015104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8931906816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20211570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2008213480","https://openalex.org/W2014374676","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2113513024","https://openalex.org/W2116699851","https://openalex.org/W2165548826","https://openalex.org/W2166668769","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2512351403","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2733535455","https://openalex.org/W2759949249","https://openalex.org/W2770383210","https://openalex.org/W2774989306","https://openalex.org/W2779335303","https://openalex.org/W2789609993","https://openalex.org/W2804356489","https://openalex.org/W2855340099","https://openalex.org/W2911648799","https://openalex.org/W2953303055","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963813458","https://openalex.org/W2964080601","https://openalex.org/W2964584796","https://openalex.org/W2964979676","https://openalex.org/W2967487473","https://openalex.org/W2970370255","https://openalex.org/W2991359031","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W2995801068","https://openalex.org/W3004492228","https://openalex.org/W3017096747","https://openalex.org/W3034993937","https://openalex.org/W3046174881","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3097779785","https://openalex.org/W3102692100","https://openalex.org/W3103294617","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3106228955","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3109055651","https://openalex.org/W3112736773","https://openalex.org/W3121842289","https://openalex.org/W3122893743","https://openalex.org/W3135445258","https://openalex.org/W3136761610","https://openalex.org/W3163623915","https://openalex.org/W3170033848","https://openalex.org/W3170133874","https://openalex.org/W3174873843","https://openalex.org/W3175496347","https://openalex.org/W3188023301","https://openalex.org/W3195858154","https://openalex.org/W3203608457","https://openalex.org/W4210925408","https://openalex.org/W4214648418","https://openalex.org/W4224911270","https://openalex.org/W4225630686","https://openalex.org/W4282563305","https://openalex.org/W4285187901","https://openalex.org/W4285545380","https://openalex.org/W4292826140","https://openalex.org/W4298392935","https://openalex.org/W4380763457","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6746383652","https://openalex.org/W6753033036","https://openalex.org/W6766242540","https://openalex.org/W6767104088","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6788870397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W4390975304","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W4287804464","https://openalex.org/W3103989898","https://openalex.org/W3211292372","https://openalex.org/W803346624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,43],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"fusing":[3],"multi-type":[4,133],"features":[5,124,152],"poses":[6],"great":[7],"potential":[8],"for":[9,56,218],"oriented":[10,57,116,185],"object":[11,58,212],"detection":[12,59,181],"(OOD)":[13],"in":[14,60,91,118,187],"remote":[15,61],"sensing":[16,62],"images":[17],"(RSIs).":[18],"Due":[19],"to":[20,34,77,131,158,183],"the":[21,84,109,115,138,147,160,172,180,207],"inexplicit":[22],"operation":[23],"of":[24,83,98,114,209],"modeling":[25,210],"orientation":[26,161],"variations,":[27],"convolutional":[28],"neural":[29],"networks":[30],"(CNNs)":[31],"are":[32,125],"difficult":[33],"perceive":[35],"objects":[36],"under":[37],"different":[38],"transformations":[39],"(angles":[40],"and":[41,111,122,176,200,216],"scales).":[42],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"a":[48,65],"novel":[49],"instance-aware":[50,140],"spatial-frequency":[51],"feature":[52,142],"fusion":[53,143],"detector":[54],"(SFFD)":[55],"images.":[63,119],"First,":[64],"layer-wise":[66],"frequency-domain":[67,215],"analysis":[68],"(L-FDA)":[69],"module":[70,145,175,178],"is":[71],"built":[72],"along":[73],"with":[74,193],"CNN":[75,121,166],"layers":[76],"extract":[78],"frequency":[79,103,123],"features.":[80,136,167],"Getting":[81],"rid":[82],"constrains":[85],"such":[86],"as":[87],"horizontal":[88],"rectangular":[89],"kernel":[90],"CNNs,":[92],"our":[93,169,191],"L-FDA":[94,174],"possesses":[95],"outstanding":[96],"ability":[97],"locating":[99],"mutational":[100,106],"signals":[101,107],"from":[102,214],"space.":[104],"These":[105],"record":[108],"scale":[110],"angle":[112],"information":[113,162],"instances":[117,186],"Subsequently,":[120],"sent":[126],"into":[127,179],"RoI":[128,135],"Pooling":[129],"layer":[130],"obtain":[132],"instance-level":[134,165,211],"Moreover,":[137],"proposed":[139,173],"cross":[141],"(CFF)":[144],"explores":[146],"interaction":[148],"between":[149],"these":[150],"diverse":[151],"which":[153],"provides":[154],"an":[155],"explicit":[156],"indicator":[157],"compensate":[159],"ignored":[163],"by":[164],"Finally,":[168],"SFFD":[170],"unifies":[171],"CFF":[177],"network":[182],"localize":[184],"RSIs.":[188],"We":[189],"compare":[190],"method":[192],"many":[194],"state-of-the-art":[195],"methods":[196],"on":[197],"DOTA,":[198],"HRSC2016,":[199],"NWPU":[201],"VHR-10":[202],"datasets.":[203],"Experimental":[204],"results":[205],"verify":[206],"validity":[208],"relations":[213],"CNNs":[217],"OOD.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}