{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360995327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3262262","title":"Spatial Data Augmentation: Improving the Generalization of Neural Networks for Pansharpening","display_name":"Spatial Data Augmentation: Improving the Generalization of Neural Networks for Pansharpening","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360995327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3262262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3262262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3262262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012214535","display_name":"Lihui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0948-1600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115556","display_name":"National Research Council - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/024ye7w89","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115556","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["CN","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","National Research Council, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, CNR-IMAA, Tito, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0948-1600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, CNR-IMAA, Tito, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115556","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043777501","display_name":"Gemine Vivone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-0638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115556","display_name":"National Research Council - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/024ye7w89","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115556","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gemine Vivone","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, CNR-IMAA, Tito, Italy","NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-0638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, CNR-IMAA, Tito, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115556","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067399891","display_name":"Zihao Nie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106124934","display_name":"Jocelyn Chanussot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124956","display_name":"GIPSA-Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02wrme198","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210124956","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jocelyn Chanussot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grenoble INP, GIPSA-Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-2875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grenoble INP, GIPSA-Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210124956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415175","display_name":"Xiaomin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-3841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-3841","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84921385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.7621377110481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7553699016571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6778120994567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.591985821723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5792572498321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5570818185806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4942155182361603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4458158016204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3493577837944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13643288612365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07352951169013977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.7621377110481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7553699016571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6778120994567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.591985821723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5792572498321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5570818185806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4942155182361603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4458158016204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3493577837944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13643288612365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07352951169013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3262262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3262262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04473497v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04473497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2023, 61, pp.1-11. ⟨10.1109/TGRS.2023.3262262⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:it.cnr:prodotti:486619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cnr.it/prodotto/i/486619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055101","display_name":"CNR ExploRA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Chen, Lihui; Vivone, Gemine; Nie, Zihao; Chanussot, Jocelyn; Yang, Xiaomin/titolo:Spatial Data Augmentation: Improving the Generalization of Neural Networks for Pansharpening/doi:10.1109%2FTGRS.2023.3262262/rivista:IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing/anno:2023/pagina_da:Art.n.5401711-1/pagina_a:Art.n.5401711-11/intervallo_pagine:Art.n.5401711-1\u2013Art.n.5401711-11/volume:61","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1041279674","display_name":"MIAI @ Grenoble Alpes","funder_award_id":"ANR-19-P3IA-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4385052622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202006240191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6971653905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020SCUNG205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322990","funder_display_name":"Sichuan University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8505085669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFH0119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322990","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1544431110","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W2123046940","https://openalex.org/W2124743705","https://openalex.org/W2139529730","https://openalex.org/W2171211028","https://openalex.org/W2462592242","https://openalex.org/W2619662254","https://openalex.org/W2746314669","https://openalex.org/W2754256031","https://openalex.org/W2777033955","https://openalex.org/W2794252992","https://openalex.org/W2808491235","https://openalex.org/W2963183385","https://openalex.org/W2964275574","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W3007744360","https://openalex.org/W3023221758","https://openalex.org/W3023991509","https://openalex.org/W3034461890","https://openalex.org/W3034938110","https://openalex.org/W3038139892","https://openalex.org/W3041178351","https://openalex.org/W3046562476","https://openalex.org/W3097824737","https://openalex.org/W3098542449","https://openalex.org/W3099258777","https://openalex.org/W3144865290","https://openalex.org/W3168631257","https://openalex.org/W3176195847","https://openalex.org/W3192507514","https://openalex.org/W3200410745","https://openalex.org/W3213530674","https://openalex.org/W3217482982","https://openalex.org/W4226507018","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6743428213","https://openalex.org/W6745136726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W3083152911","https://openalex.org/W3022347918","https://openalex.org/W4200527723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"(DL)":[2],"methods":[3,20],"have":[4,90],"achieved":[5],"impressive":[6],"performance":[7,23,37,145,159,180,207],"for":[8,24,38,53,148,155,184,208],"pansharpening":[9,54,185,202],"in":[10,175],"recent":[11],"years.":[12],"However,":[13],"because":[14],"of":[15,101,139],"poor":[16],"generalization,":[17],"most":[18],"DL":[19],"achieve":[21],"unsatisfactory":[22],"data":[25,50,147,167],"acquired":[26,168],"by":[27,169,190],"sensors":[28,89,124],"not":[29],"considered":[30,174],"during":[31],"the":[32,75,99,102,107,118,137,140,153,170,176,191],"training":[33,103,149,161],"phase":[34],"and":[35,83,125,157,162,220],"decreased":[36],"samples":[39,104,126],"at":[40,127,181],"full":[41,128,182],"resolution.":[42,113],"To":[43],"solve":[44],"this":[45,116],"issue,":[46],"we":[47,58,96],"propose":[48],"a":[49,61],"augmentation":[51],"framework":[52],"neural":[55,186,203],"networks.":[56],"Specifically,":[57],"introduce":[59],"first":[60],"random":[62],"spatial":[63,81,112],"degradation":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66],"anisotropic":[67],"Gaussian-shaped":[68],"modulation":[69],"transfer":[70],"functions":[71],"(MTFs)":[72],"to":[73,79,105,111,115,120],"increase":[74],"generalization":[76,108,119],"with":[77,109,143,152],"respect":[78,110],"different":[80,91,123],"models":[82],"sensors.":[84],"Then,":[85],"considering":[86],"that":[87],"various":[88],"ground":[92],"sampling":[93],"distances":[94],"(GSDs),":[95],"randomly":[97],"rescale":[98],"GSD":[100],"improve":[106],"Thanks":[114],"module,":[117],"tests":[121],"from":[122],"resolution":[129,183],"can":[130],"easily":[131],"be":[132],"achieved.":[133],"Experimental":[134],"results":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"effectiveness":[138],"proposed":[141,192,195],"approach":[142,196],"better":[144],"when":[146,160],"are":[150,164,173],"decoupled":[151],"ones":[154],"testing":[156,163],"comparable":[158],"coupled":[165],"(i.e.,":[166],"same":[171],"sensor":[172],"two":[177],"phases).":[178],"Besides,":[179],"networks":[187,204],"is":[188],"improved":[189],"approach.":[193],"The":[194],"has":[197],"been":[198],"integrated":[199],"into":[200],"existing":[201],"showing":[205],"satisfactory":[206],"widely":[209],"used":[210],"sensors,":[211],"including,":[212],"GaoFen-1,":[213],"QuickBird,":[214],"WorldView-2,":[215],"WorldView-3,":[216],"IKONOS,":[217],"Spot-7,":[218],"GeoEye,":[219],"PHR1A.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}