{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322731011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3250740","title":"Three-Dimensional Ray-Based Tomographic Approach for Contactless GPR Imaging","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Ray-Based Tomographic Approach for Contactless GPR Imaging","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322731011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3250740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3250740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3250740","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10057060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10057060.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084645776","display_name":"Gianluca Gennarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-5327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Gennarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007801430","display_name":"Carlo Noviello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5926-6757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Noviello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068109123","display_name":"Giovanni Ludeno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5672-2721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Ludeno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015308570","display_name":"Giuseppe Esposito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8806-2895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Esposito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081849411","display_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-3127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062866510","display_name":"Ilaria Catapano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-9992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilaria Catapano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084645776"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94126259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.644321084022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.6101164221763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomographic-reconstruction","display_name":"Tomographic reconstruction","score":0.5628247261047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.551024317741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.5326829552650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.5167147517204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integral-equation","display_name":"Integral equation","score":0.4955695867538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4940798580646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.48911362886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.48553964495658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-scattering-problem","display_name":"Inverse scattering problem","score":0.4788386821746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.47019442915916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction","display_name":"Diffraction","score":0.456441730260849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4536541998386383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.44494864344596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.43330058455467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-electromagnetics","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","score":0.4104158878326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.36350876092910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32316145300865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3173184394836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2374066710472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-field","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","score":0.22964569926261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.21416160464286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19510123133659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.16783234477043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11317986249923706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.644321084022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.6101164221763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97742081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7820109","display_name":"Tomographic reconstruction","level":3,"score":0.5628247261047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.551024317741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.5326829552650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5167147517204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27016315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580101","display_name":"Integral equation","level":2,"score":0.4955695867538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4940798580646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.48911362886428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.48553964495658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174558057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11639409","display_name":"Inverse scattering problem","level":3,"score":0.4788386821746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.47019442915916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.456441730260849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4536541998386383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.44494864344596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.43330058455467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206844423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157313","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","level":3,"score":0.4104158878326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.36350876092910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32316145300865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3173184394836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2374066710472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.22964569926261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21416160464286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19510123133659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.16783234477043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11317986249923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3250740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3250740","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10057060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3250740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3250740","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/10057060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322731011.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4322731011.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134625316","https://openalex.org/W1514248469","https://openalex.org/W1520664314","https://openalex.org/W1524573041","https://openalex.org/W1966470742","https://openalex.org/W2014731949","https://openalex.org/W2024366082","https://openalex.org/W2027467266","https://openalex.org/W2042582681","https://openalex.org/W2044149867","https://openalex.org/W2060815510","https://openalex.org/W2098737627","https://openalex.org/W2102921232","https://openalex.org/W2108174537","https://openalex.org/W2119831998","https://openalex.org/W2132940589","https://openalex.org/W2304119270","https://openalex.org/W2336963817","https://openalex.org/W2395626468","https://openalex.org/W2487475752","https://openalex.org/W2518909974","https://openalex.org/W2588475991","https://openalex.org/W2620566790","https://openalex.org/W2800839081","https://openalex.org/W2803042005","https://openalex.org/W2884720674","https://openalex.org/W2891432132","https://openalex.org/W2914948879","https://openalex.org/W2971688875","https://openalex.org/W2973104124","https://openalex.org/W2999174435","https://openalex.org/W3015315732","https://openalex.org/W3096535643","https://openalex.org/W3126467733","https://openalex.org/W3152867933","https://openalex.org/W3170444879","https://openalex.org/W3177237103","https://openalex.org/W3206546636","https://openalex.org/W4225603636","https://openalex.org/W4243613133","https://openalex.org/W4286630908","https://openalex.org/W4389626908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2027762722","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2356754952","https://openalex.org/W2413606832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,75],"three-dimensional":[4],"imaging":[5,14,118],"approach":[6],"for":[7,37],"contactless":[8],"ground":[9],"penetrating":[10],"radar":[11],"surveys.":[12],"The":[13],"problem":[15],"is":[16,46,71],"formulated":[17],"in":[18],"the":[19,28,38,51,54,61,67,78,84,96,101,114,117],"linear":[20],"inverse":[21],"scattering":[22,102],"context":[23],"and":[24,80,95],"solved":[25],"by":[26],"using":[27],"Singular":[29,97],"Values":[30],"Decomposition":[31,99],"tool.":[32],"A":[33],"ray-based":[34],"model":[35],"accounting":[36],"electromagnetic":[39,81],"signal":[40],"propagation":[41],"into":[42],"an":[43,64],"inhomogeneous":[44],"medium":[45],"developed":[47],"to":[48,57],"accurately":[49],"evaluate":[50],"kernel":[52],"of":[53,66,77,83,100,116],"integral":[55],"equation":[56],"be":[58],"inverted.":[59],"Under":[60],"proposed":[62],"model,":[63],"analysis":[65],"spatial":[68],"resolution":[69],"performance":[70],"carried":[72],"out":[73],"as":[74],"function":[76],"geometrical":[79],"parameters":[82],"scenario.":[85],"To":[86],"this":[87],"end,":[88],"theoretical":[89],"concepts":[90],"based":[91,108],"on":[92,109],"diffraction":[93],"tomography":[94],"Value":[98],"operator":[103],"are":[104],"exploited.":[105],"Reconstruction":[106],"results":[107],"full-wave":[110],"simulated":[111],"data":[112],"assess":[113],"feasibility":[115],"approach.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}