{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4322706858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3249899","title":"Image Reconstruction of Synthetic Aperture Radiometer by Transformer","display_name":"Image Reconstruction of Synthetic Aperture Radiometer by Transformer","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4322706858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3249899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3249899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3249899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050159266","display_name":"Chengwang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-2852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chengwang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications (Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications (Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067344764","display_name":"Haofeng Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3042-6657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haofeng Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Space Technology, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Space Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101955109","display_name":"Hao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-7282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Space Technology, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Space Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076821245","display_name":"Rong Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-2812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications (Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications (Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013927520","display_name":"Ren Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications (Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications (Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429478","display_name":"Wenjing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-8283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications (Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications (Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112593282","display_name":"Rongchuan Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongchuan Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Space Technology, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Space Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100599403","display_name":"Yinan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6994-8137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Space Technology, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Space Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050159266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1315,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73560188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7005481719970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.6695346832275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6159001588821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5849568843841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.5491693615913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.5460888743400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5130957365036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.506213366985321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.4955817461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.48035988211631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4403132200241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.43781036138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.307526171207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1752464771270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10112711787223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09342336654663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08777996897697449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7005481719970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.6695346832275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6159001588821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5849568843841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.5491693615913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.5460888743400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5130957365036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.506213366985321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.4955817461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.48035988211631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4403132200241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.43781036138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.307526171207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1752464771270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10112711787223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09342336654663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08777996897697449}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3249899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3249899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6339721749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021KJXX-68","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317324","funder_display_name":"Research Fund for Young Star of Science and Technology in Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317324","display_name":"Research Fund for Young Star of Science and Technology in Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1980063370","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2103442239","https://openalex.org/W2121813745","https://openalex.org/W2123685942","https://openalex.org/W2131337518","https://openalex.org/W2136822288","https://openalex.org/W2158936099","https://openalex.org/W2165379047","https://openalex.org/W2169499397","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2400774980","https://openalex.org/W2594776931","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2884001105","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2970622854","https://openalex.org/W2983446232","https://openalex.org/W3034885317","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W4226512186","https://openalex.org/W4293192716","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6763367864","https://openalex.org/W6803870738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W1983957298","https://openalex.org/W2165236048","https://openalex.org/W2109138921","https://openalex.org/W2109355119"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,95],"passive":[1],"microwave":[2,87,100],"remote":[3],"sensing":[4],"of":[5,48,56,86,234],"the":[6,26,33,38,49,59,64,69,73,84,122,126,132,136,140,147,157,162,178,192,199,205,209,218,232],"Earth,":[7],"compared":[8],"with":[9,22,208],"real":[10,34],"aperture":[11,14,35],"radiometer,":[12,36],"synthetic":[13],"radiometer":[15],"(ASR)":[16],"is":[17,29,41,110],"a":[18,54,98,115],"very":[19],"powerful":[20],"instrument":[21],"many":[23],"advantages.":[24],"However,":[25],"system":[27,50],"design":[28],"more":[30],"complex":[31],"than":[32],"and":[37,72,139,151,202,243],"hardware":[39,51],"ideality":[40],"often":[42],"not":[43],"guaranteed.":[44],"The":[45],"nonideal":[46],"characteristics":[47],"will":[52,62,176],"bring":[53],"variety":[55],"errors":[57],"to":[58,77,120,185],"system,":[60],"which":[61],"cause":[63],"Fourier":[65],"transform":[66],"relationship":[67,134],"between":[68,135],"visibility":[70,127,137],"function":[71,138],"brightness":[74,88,101,143,165,236],"temperature":[75,89,102,144,166,237],"image":[76,90,103,145,189,220,228,238],"no":[78],"longer":[79],"be":[80],"established,":[81],"thus":[82],"reducing":[83],"quality":[85],"reconstruction":[91,104,211,221,239],"by":[92,108,223],"traditional":[93],"methods.":[94],"this":[96,174,195,235],"article,":[97],"new":[99],"method":[105,113,130,175,196,222,240],"for":[106],"ASR":[107],"transformer":[109,118,224],"proposed.":[111],"This":[112,129],"uses":[114],"specially":[116],"designed":[117],"structure":[119],"extract":[121],"spectrum":[123,158],"features":[124],"in":[125,161,227],"function.":[128],"learns":[131,152],"mapping":[133],"original":[141,163],"scene":[142,164],"through":[146,241],"supervised":[148],"learning":[149],"method,":[150],"as":[153,155,184],"much":[154],"possible":[156],"information":[159],"contained":[160],"image.":[167],"Moreover,":[168],"when":[169],"there":[170],"are":[171],"missing":[172,179,214],"baselines,":[173],"supplement":[177],"observation":[180],"frequency":[181],"information,":[182],"so":[183],"obtain":[186],"better":[187],"reconstructed":[188],"quality.":[190,229],"With":[191],"above-mentioned":[193],"advantages,":[194],"can":[197],"suppress":[198],"Gibbs":[200],"oscillation,":[201],"greatly":[203],"reduce":[204],"sidelobe.":[206],"Compared":[207],"existing":[210],"methods,":[212],"whether":[213],"baselines":[215],"or":[216],"not,":[217],"proposed":[219],"has":[225],"advantages":[226],"We":[230],"verify":[231],"performance":[233],"simulation":[242],"experiment.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}