{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320713407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3245191","title":"Chang\u2019E-4 Measurements of Lunar Surface Temperatures: Thermal Conductivity of the Near Surface Regolith","display_name":"Chang\u2019E-4 Measurements of Lunar Surface Temperatures: Thermal Conductivity of the Near Surface Regolith","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320713407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3245191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3245191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3245191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101688290","display_name":"Wenchao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-3364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory for High Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-3364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory for High Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022758121","display_name":"Guoping Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-5417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoping Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-5417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004521704","display_name":"Yunzhao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802340896","display_name":"Purple Mountain Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02eb4t121","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802340896"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunzhao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China","Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-1204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802340896"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066415616","display_name":"Qi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-6764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042648407","display_name":"Zhengmei Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengmei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory for High Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory for High Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100777230","display_name":"Li Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-2296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory for High Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-2296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory for High Efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy and Operation Control of Energy Storage System, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6965,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82862956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13126","display_name":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regolith","display_name":"Regolith","score":0.9535549879074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-conductivity","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","score":0.6257662177085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.5488402247428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.5116767883300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5095301270484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.46061277389526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4218255579471588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.27813196182250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2196788191795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17584386467933655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41642174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106551","display_name":"Regolith","level":2,"score":0.9535549879074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6257662177085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.5488402247428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5116767883300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5095301270484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.46061277389526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4218255579471588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.27813196182250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2196788191795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17584386467933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3245191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3245191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3240695956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42241138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4626260067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42050202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6854549259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BSQD2020011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321604","funder_display_name":"Hubei University of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8958391839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901338","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321604","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521729586","https://openalex.org/W1910330048","https://openalex.org/W1976354196","https://openalex.org/W1998380538","https://openalex.org/W2033456515","https://openalex.org/W2046483339","https://openalex.org/W2108698047","https://openalex.org/W2128387312","https://openalex.org/W2159722622","https://openalex.org/W2281177717","https://openalex.org/W2607286646","https://openalex.org/W2795796693","https://openalex.org/W2802356986","https://openalex.org/W2950713775","https://openalex.org/W2997955988","https://openalex.org/W3104149316","https://openalex.org/W3123699241","https://openalex.org/W3164026934","https://openalex.org/W3196792737","https://openalex.org/W3202255016","https://openalex.org/W4200394889","https://openalex.org/W4210606372","https://openalex.org/W4220877651","https://openalex.org/W4226068476","https://openalex.org/W6634747526","https://openalex.org/W6636457288","https://openalex.org/W6797742311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2571294249","https://openalex.org/W3185798965","https://openalex.org/W1637106687","https://openalex.org/W78712143","https://openalex.org/W4387702593","https://openalex.org/W2138333790","https://openalex.org/W4234533497","https://openalex.org/W4313509445","https://openalex.org/W3176132711","https://openalex.org/W4378740262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lunar":[0],"thermal":[1,62,96],"conductivity":[2,97,120],"is":[3,76,134],"significantly":[4],"important":[5],"for":[6,147,160,173,187],"understanding":[7],"the":[8,12,32,36,42,69,79,84,87,94,99,105,108,114,130,192,197,200,206,209,213,217,222,226],"geological":[9],"processes":[10],"of":[11,35,86,116],"Moon.":[13],"The":[14],"Apollo":[15],"in":[16,45],"situ":[17,46],"heat":[18],"flow":[19],"experiments":[20],"and":[21,111,175,221],"diviner":[22],"remote":[23],"sensing":[24],"data":[25,75],"provide":[26],"us":[27],"with":[28,64],"good":[29],"constraints":[30],"on":[31],"thermophysical":[33],"properties":[34],"lunar":[37,71],"regolith":[38],"fines":[39],"layer.":[40],"As":[41],"first":[43],"farside":[44],"experiments,":[47],"Chang\u2019E-4":[48],"(CE-4)":[49],"temperature":[50,110],"sensors":[51,85],"will":[52],"further":[53],"extend":[54],"our":[55],"understanding.":[56],"In":[57,190],"this":[58],"study,":[59],"a":[60],"1-D":[61],"model":[63],"updated":[65],"bulk":[66],"densities":[67],"by":[68],"CE-4":[70,88,100,112],"penetrating":[72],"radar":[73],"(LPR)":[74],"used.":[77],"Then,":[78],"nighttime":[80],"surface":[81,95,117],"temperatures":[82],"from":[83,216],"lander":[89],"are":[90],"applied":[91],"to":[92],"retrieve":[93],"at":[98],"landing":[101],"site.":[102],"After":[103],"minimizing":[104],"differences":[106],"between":[107],"predicted":[109],"measurements,":[113],"range":[115],"layer":[118],"contact":[119],"(":[121],"<inline-formula":[122,137,150,163,177],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[123,138,151,164,178],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[124,139,152,165,179],"<tex-math":[125,140,153,166,180],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k_{s}$":[126],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[127,146,159,172,186],")":[128],"within":[129],"upper":[131],"1":[132],"cm":[133],"about":[135],"(0.95\u20132.26)":[136],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times":[141,154,167,181],"10^{-3}\\,\\,\\text":[142,155,168,182],"{Wm}^{-1}\\cdot":[143,156,169,183],"\\text":[144,157,170,184],"{K}^{-1}$":[145,158,171,185],"T1,":[148],"(1.04\u20132.44)":[149],"T2,":[161],"(0.60\u20131.40)":[162],"T3,":[174],"(0.60\u20131.39)":[176],"T4,":[188],"respectively.":[189],"addition,":[191],"factors":[193],"that":[194],"may":[195],"affect":[196],"inversion":[198],"or":[199],"measurements":[201],"were":[202],"discussed,":[203],"such":[204],"as":[205],"shadowing":[207],"effect,":[208],"rock":[210],"abundance":[211],"(RA),":[212],"lateral":[214],"conduction":[215],"rover":[218],"transfer":[219],"mechanism,":[220],"densification":[223],"effect":[224],"during":[225],"measurements.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
