{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320005476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242960","title":"Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Gradient Correlation Filtering and Contrast Measurement","display_name":"Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Gradient Correlation Filtering and Contrast Measurement","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320005476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009013564","display_name":"Xiangyue Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-6777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyue Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-6777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073338938","display_name":"Jingyu Ru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-374X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Ru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000383993","display_name":"Chengdong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-5493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengdong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-5493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":2345,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2345},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.5516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99686029,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.8667935132980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6316335797309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5972386002540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5847741961479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.539291501045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41669905185699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38906949758529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.26137256622314453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8667935132980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6316335797309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5972386002540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5847741961479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.539291501045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41669905185699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38906949758529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.26137256622314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3918218069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62203099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8967853969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-MS-098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1982356639","https://openalex.org/W1983680350","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2045352990","https://openalex.org/W2049769803","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2113511941","https://openalex.org/W2117675177","https://openalex.org/W2289943644","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2578504242","https://openalex.org/W2741058951","https://openalex.org/W2756926440","https://openalex.org/W2770868881","https://openalex.org/W2774646044","https://openalex.org/W2790021535","https://openalex.org/W2790555938","https://openalex.org/W2803108972","https://openalex.org/W2903503912","https://openalex.org/W2921359348","https://openalex.org/W2921709033","https://openalex.org/W2942839421","https://openalex.org/W2947066337","https://openalex.org/W2972929155","https://openalex.org/W2981066037","https://openalex.org/W2981068491","https://openalex.org/W2992263340","https://openalex.org/W3009662677","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3092404985","https://openalex.org/W3131633592","https://openalex.org/W3156606420","https://openalex.org/W3164118028","https://openalex.org/W3183676354","https://openalex.org/W3216985839","https://openalex.org/W4205113721","https://openalex.org/W4288391611","https://openalex.org/W4292969860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W1679012645","https://openalex.org/W2070318884","https://openalex.org/W2011939812","https://openalex.org/W1996520289","https://openalex.org/W3140584830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1,30,37,80,92,113,129,144],"target":[2,38,145],"detection":[3,27,39,162],"under":[4,32],"complex":[5,33],"backgrounds,":[6,34],"especially":[7],"in":[8,53],"dense":[9],"cloud":[10],"and":[11,46,94,146],"changeable":[12],"clutter":[13,148],"scenes,":[14],"has":[15],"always":[16],"been":[17],"a":[18,82,98,160],"challenging":[19],"research":[20],"task.":[21],"In":[22,150],"order":[23],"to":[24,90,106,127],"improve":[25,139],"the":[26,63,70,75,109,112,118,135,140,143,156],"ability":[28],"of":[29,62,79,111,142],"targets":[31,93],"an":[35,122],"infrared":[36,57],"method":[40,87,103,137,158],"based":[41],"on":[42],"gradient":[43,47,58,77,83,99],"correlation":[44,84],"filtering":[45,85],"contrast":[48,100],"measurement":[49,101],"(GCF-CM)":[50],"is":[51,66,88,104,125],"proposed":[52,89,136,157],"this":[54],"article.":[55],"The":[56],"vector":[59],"field":[60],"(IGVF)":[61],"original":[64],"image":[65],"first":[67],"constructed":[68],"through":[69],"facet":[71],"model.":[72],"Then,":[73],"considering":[74],"unique":[76],"characteristics":[78],"targets,":[81],"(GCF)":[86],"filter":[91],"background":[95],"clutters.":[96],"Meanwhile,":[97],"(GCM)":[102],"designed":[105],"further":[107],"enhance":[108],"intensity":[110,141],"target.":[114],"Finally,":[115],"after":[116],"fusing":[117],"two":[119],"response":[120],"maps,":[121],"adaptive":[123],"threshold":[124],"adopted":[126],"extract":[128],"targets.":[130],"Experimental":[131],"results":[132],"demonstrate":[133],"that":[134],"can":[138],"suppress":[147],"sufficiently.":[149],"comparison":[151],"with":[152],"other":[153],"excellent":[154],"methods,":[155],"exhibits":[159],"robust":[161],"performance.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
