{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319303358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242695","title":"Unified Classification Framework for Multipolarization and Dual-Frequency SAR","display_name":"Unified Classification Framework for Multipolarization and Dual-Frequency SAR","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319303358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616092","display_name":"Mingliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-7470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015892398","display_name":"Yunkai Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-2976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunkai Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101449496","display_name":"Donghong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7028-3120"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002626310","display_name":"Xiuqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010203885","display_name":"Chunle Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2612-3364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunle Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100616092"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2059,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87640411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.6834850907325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6658205986022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wishart-distribution","display_name":"Wishart distribution","score":0.6521183252334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6462604999542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5858632922172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5209257006645203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-polarization-interferometry","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","score":0.4290595054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.42257118225097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3294098377227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27391546964645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1753120720386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1733790934085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14317086338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10663303732872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10619425773620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.09899440407752991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08919793367385864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.6834850907325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6658205986022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33962027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930697","display_name":"Wishart distribution","level":3,"score":0.6521183252334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6462604999542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5858632922172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5209257006645203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161926555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799470","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","level":3,"score":0.4290595054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.42257118225097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3294098377227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27391546964645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1753120720386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1733790934085846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14317086338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10663303732872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10619425773620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.09899440407752991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08919793367385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3242695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6032326805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8830285173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4192065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588783521","https://openalex.org/W1967791380","https://openalex.org/W1973681195","https://openalex.org/W1981367467","https://openalex.org/W1985194020","https://openalex.org/W1992824785","https://openalex.org/W1998857803","https://openalex.org/W1999695055","https://openalex.org/W2001337397","https://openalex.org/W2010364553","https://openalex.org/W2011092189","https://openalex.org/W2057047626","https://openalex.org/W2079043399","https://openalex.org/W2100024934","https://openalex.org/W2105923215","https://openalex.org/W2106322924","https://openalex.org/W2109900939","https://openalex.org/W2113156691","https://openalex.org/W2123948915","https://openalex.org/W2134199473","https://openalex.org/W2137917662","https://openalex.org/W2138487889","https://openalex.org/W2139712007","https://openalex.org/W2147439738","https://openalex.org/W2157985480","https://openalex.org/W2171810515","https://openalex.org/W2187127046","https://openalex.org/W2404600462","https://openalex.org/W2587991374","https://openalex.org/W2626203836","https://openalex.org/W2765498694","https://openalex.org/W2802874102","https://openalex.org/W2806676663","https://openalex.org/W2895098522","https://openalex.org/W2954896562","https://openalex.org/W2955098767","https://openalex.org/W2970506895","https://openalex.org/W2974549127","https://openalex.org/W2983213502","https://openalex.org/W3003351606","https://openalex.org/W3106945574","https://openalex.org/W3142105479","https://openalex.org/W3173399644","https://openalex.org/W6635188891","https://openalex.org/W6717893388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146312983","https://openalex.org/W2389605595","https://openalex.org/W1586339758","https://openalex.org/W2046861201","https://openalex.org/W3131856045","https://openalex.org/W2364482911","https://openalex.org/W2065601395","https://openalex.org/W2123581770","https://openalex.org/W2469797871","https://openalex.org/W4200537610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,175],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(SAR),":[4],"multipolarization":[5,33,225],"and":[6,16,34,44,113,148,172,195,198,204,219,226,230],"multifrequency":[7],"modes":[8,151,218],"greatly":[9],"enrich":[10],"the":[11,29,39,55,69,78,86,94,97,101,107,120,123,130,136,138,156,163,214,223,231],"acquired":[12],"earth":[13],"resource":[14],"information":[15],"have":[17],"been":[18],"widely":[19],"applied":[20],"in":[21,169],"remote-sensing":[22],"fields.":[23],"In":[24,54,135],"this":[25,133],"article,":[26],"we":[27,161],"compare":[28,162],"classification":[30,50,125,139,158,164],"capabilities":[31,140,165],"of":[32,41,65,81,96,109,141,166,216,222,233],"dual-frequency":[35,167,227],"SAR.":[36],"To":[37],"meet":[38],"objective":[40],"selecting":[42],"consistent":[43],"complete":[45],"polarimetric":[46,66,82,176],"information,":[47],"a":[48,186,211],"unified":[49],"framework":[51],"is":[52,74,90,127,182],"proposed.":[53],"framework,":[56],"covariance":[57],"matrices":[58],"are":[59,152],"used":[60],"directly":[61],"as":[62,129,201],"inputs":[63],"instead":[64],"indicators.":[67],"Additionally,":[68],"Wishart":[70],"mixture":[71],"model":[72],"(WMM)":[73],"utilized":[75,91],"to":[76,92,184],"characterize":[77],"statistical":[79],"distribution":[80],"SAR":[83,168,177,228,235],"data.":[84],"Besides,":[85],"data":[87],"log-likelihood":[88],"function":[89],"mitigate":[93],"influence":[95],"initial":[98],"values":[99],"on":[100],"expectation-maximization":[102],"(EM)":[103],"algorithm.":[104],"Then,":[105,160],"among":[106],"combinations":[108],"four":[110],"sample-to-subclass":[111],"distances":[112],"two":[114],"schemes":[115],"for":[116,132,213],"obtaining":[117],"sample-to-class":[118],"distances,":[119],"one":[121],"with":[122],"best":[124],"performance":[126],"selected":[128],"default":[131],"framework.":[134,159],"experiments,":[137],"full":[142],"polarization":[143,146,217],"(FP),":[144],"compact":[145],"(CP),":[147],"dual-polarization":[149],"(DP)":[150],"first":[153],"compared":[154],"through":[155],"proposed":[157],"FP,":[170],"CP,":[171],"DP":[173],"modes.":[174],"(PolSAR)":[178],"system":[179],"design,":[180],"it":[181],"necessary":[183],"strike":[185],"balance":[187],"between":[188],"demand":[189],"indexes":[190],"(classification":[191],"performance,":[192],"coverage":[193],"width,":[194],"so":[196,205],"on)":[197],"cost":[199],"(such":[200],"budget,":[202],"weight,":[203],"on).":[206],"The":[207],"comparison":[208],"results":[209],"provide":[210],"reference":[212],"optimization":[215],"frequency":[220],"bands":[221],"existing":[224],"payloads":[229],"design":[232],"future":[234],"systems.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
