{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319865971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3241209","title":"On the Spatial and Temporal Variations of Primary Production in the South China Sea","display_name":"On the Spatial and Temporal Variations of Primary Production in the South China Sea","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319865971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3241209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3241209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3241209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060383151","display_name":"Luping Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-7077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luping Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-7077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027844391","display_name":"Zhongping Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-8991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongping Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-8991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007772416","display_name":"Shaoling Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-9468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoling Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-9468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112894646","display_name":"Bangqin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-6241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bangqin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010852649","display_name":"Jinghui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-1055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152304114","display_name":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2tgs60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152304114","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056928996","display_name":"Zelun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-2738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zelun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-2738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086916496","display_name":"Wenfang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-9820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenfang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025212353","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-9618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-9618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96006855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.7307254076004028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39428478479385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36565178632736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3481026291847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.15183207392692566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.7307254076004028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39428478479385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36565178632736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3481026291847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.15183207392692566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3241209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3241209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6367206904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41890803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7497756740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42250710150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7665777280","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7fa4\u5206\u8fa8\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u6d6e\u6e38\u690d\u7269\u56fa\u78b3\u9065\u611f\u673a\u7406\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41830102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G846010644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41941008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":102,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21523380","https://openalex.org/W196420037","https://openalex.org/W1533208962","https://openalex.org/W1596659104","https://openalex.org/W1754304843","https://openalex.org/W1939482314","https://openalex.org/W1968703794","https://openalex.org/W1971193806","https://openalex.org/W1972015729","https://openalex.org/W1973215889","https://openalex.org/W1975706193","https://openalex.org/W1978822245","https://openalex.org/W1981870342","https://openalex.org/W1982658513","https://openalex.org/W1984907626","https://openalex.org/W1988392661","https://openalex.org/W1988518325","https://openalex.org/W1991776426","https://openalex.org/W1995811252","https://openalex.org/W1997670415","https://openalex.org/W2010890668","https://openalex.org/W2026422893","https://openalex.org/W2035395738","https://openalex.org/W2044984973","https://openalex.org/W2053022429","https://openalex.org/W2053228943","https://openalex.org/W2060165128","https://openalex.org/W2064173966","https://openalex.org/W2065141406","https://openalex.org/W2070067206","https://openalex.org/W2074468873","https://openalex.org/W2076345077","https://openalex.org/W2078184976","https://openalex.org/W2079608989","https://openalex.org/W2081624152","https://openalex.org/W2083654719","https://openalex.org/W2083778953","https://openalex.org/W2084549990","https://openalex.org/W2088665921","https://openalex.org/W2092767386","https://openalex.org/W2093409046","https://openalex.org/W2103766417","https://openalex.org/W2103823505","https://openalex.org/W2108084128","https://openalex.org/W2113039267","https://openalex.org/W2113977799","https://openalex.org/W2117691035","https://openalex.org/W2120725301","https://openalex.org/W2120834162","https://openalex.org/W2121131753","https://openalex.org/W2127721506","https://openalex.org/W2130241476","https://openalex.org/W2131372154","https://openalex.org/W2132256728","https://openalex.org/W2143109817","https://openalex.org/W2144924602","https://openalex.org/W2145017914","https://openalex.org/W2149463205","https://openalex.org/W2150306769","https://openalex.org/W2155005486","https://openalex.org/W2159729188","https://openalex.org/W2162548336","https://openalex.org/W2163674166","https://openalex.org/W2164383391","https://openalex.org/W2167705142","https://openalex.org/W2169960603","https://openalex.org/W2170020528","https://openalex.org/W2227227452","https://openalex.org/W2260822000","https://openalex.org/W2266842444","https://openalex.org/W2366487971","https://openalex.org/W2393353561","https://openalex.org/W2549553430","https://openalex.org/W2787659244","https://openalex.org/W2895281515","https://openalex.org/W2902553162","https://openalex.org/W2915657973","https://openalex.org/W2991410195","https://openalex.org/W2998837504","https://openalex.org/W3016240401","https://openalex.org/W3025231552","https://openalex.org/W3042448599","https://openalex.org/W3091413558","https://openalex.org/W3096227487","https://openalex.org/W3096935658","https://openalex.org/W3106303760","https://openalex.org/W3112862958","https://openalex.org/W3117766004","https://openalex.org/W3142781735","https://openalex.org/W3159247159","https://openalex.org/W3163202166","https://openalex.org/W3164668625","https://openalex.org/W3177251386","https://openalex.org/W3185495732","https://openalex.org/W3195362687","https://openalex.org/W3202747894","https://openalex.org/W4288420681","https://openalex.org/W4293060116","https://openalex.org/W6637686834","https://openalex.org/W6646116281","https://openalex.org/W6792697941","https://openalex.org/W7037894762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W4245490552","https://openalex.org/W4225152035","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W1587224694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Primary":[0],"production":[1,88],"(PP)":[2],"of":[3,35,37,180,197,241,255,278,292,302],"the":[4,29,43,47,72,94,102,115,161,176,181,195,239,250,253,266,275,290],"South":[5],"China":[6],"Sea":[7],"(SCS)":[8],"basin":[9],"area":[10],"(waters":[11],"depth":[12],"deeper":[13],"than":[14],"200":[15],"m)":[16],"is":[17,80],"estimated":[18],"using":[19,156],"satellite":[20],"products,":[21],"with":[22,265],"an":[23],"overarching":[24],"goal":[25],"to":[26,147],"reliably":[27,297],"characterize":[28],"spatial":[30,104],"distribution":[31],"and":[32,61,91,121,134,168,184,244,257,287],"temporal":[33],"variation":[34],"PP":[36,44,103,117,145,164,280,303],"this":[38],"important":[39],"marginal":[40],"sea.":[41],"Among":[42],"models":[45,109],"used,":[46],"absorption-based":[48],"model":[49,85,89,96,295],"(AbPM)":[50],"showed":[51],"better":[52],"performance":[53],"(":[54],"<inline-formula":[55,62,73,125,135,201,209,220,228],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[56,63,74,126,136,202,210,221,229],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[57,64,75,127,137,203,211,222,230],"<tex-math":[58,65,76,128,138,204,212,223,231],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$R^{2}=0.47$":[59],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[60,68,78,131,141,206,216,225,235],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$N":[66],"=39$":[67],").":[69],"In":[70,152],"comparison,":[71],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$R^{2}$":[77],"value":[79],"0.26":[81],"for":[82,93,194,207,226],"a":[83,191,293],"chlorophyll-based":[84],"[vertically":[86],"generalized":[87],"(VGPM)]":[90],"0.15":[92],"carbon-based":[95],"(CbPM).":[97],"Furthermore,":[98],"we":[99],"observed":[100],"that":[101,148,274],"patterns":[105],"obtained":[106,124,149,281],"from":[107,282],"these":[108],"were":[110,263],"similar":[111],"but":[112],"disagree":[113],"on":[114],"annual":[116,144],"magnitude,":[118],"where":[119],"VGPM":[120,256],"CbPM,":[122,258],"respectively,":[123],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\sim":[129,139],"$":[130,140],"50%":[132],"lower":[133],"40%":[142],"higher":[143,245],"compared":[146],"by":[150],"AbPM.":[151],"particular,":[153],"after":[154],"analysis":[155],"empirical":[157],"orthogonal":[158],"functions":[159],"(EOFs),":[160],"upwelling-induced":[162],"high":[163],"off":[165],"Luzon":[166],"(winter)":[167],"Vietnam":[169],"coast":[170],"(summer)":[171],"was":[172],"clearly":[173],"reflected":[174],"in":[175,249,296,304],"first":[177],"EOF":[178],"mode":[179],"AbPM":[182,283],"results,":[183],"its":[185],"principal":[186],"component":[187],"1":[188],"has":[189],"shown":[190],"decreasing":[192],"trend":[193],"period":[196],"2003\u20132019":[198],"(\u221215.0%":[199],"yr":[200,219],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{-1}$":[205,224],"winter,":[208],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$p":[213,232],"&lt;":[214,233],"0.05$":[215,234],";":[217],"\u221214.7%":[218],"summer,":[227],"),":[236],"which":[237],"reflects":[238],"impact":[240],"weakening":[242],"wind":[243],"sea":[246],"surface":[247],"temperature":[248],"SCS.":[251],"For":[252],"results":[254,272],"however,":[259],"no":[260],"strong":[261],"relationships":[262],"found":[264],"main":[267],"regional":[268],"oceanographic":[269],"features.":[270],"These":[271],"suggested":[273],"spatiotemporal":[276,300],"variations":[277],"SCS":[279],"are":[284],"more":[285],"reasonable":[286],"further":[288],"highlight":[289],"importance":[291],"robust":[294],"capturing":[298],"large-scale":[299],"dynamics":[301],"marine":[305],"environments.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}