{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317761496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3239392","title":"Tomographic Reconstruction of Water Vapor Density Fields From the Integration of GNSS Observations and Fengyun-4A Products","display_name":"Tomographic Reconstruction of Water Vapor Density Fields From the Integration of GNSS Observations and Fengyun-4A Products","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317761496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3239392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3239392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3239392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067733927","display_name":"Biyan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-4371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Biyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition, Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition, Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074606727","display_name":"Jingshu Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingshu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan BYNAV Technology Company Ltd., Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan BYNAV Technology Company Ltd., Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011474402","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-9147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition, Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition, Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018904310","display_name":"Wujiao Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wujiao Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079012583","display_name":"Minsi Ao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2782-0933"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minsi Ao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Province Mapping and Science and Technology Investigation Institute, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Province Mapping and Science and Technology Investigation Institute, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022271124","display_name":"Chen Chun-hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Province Mapping and Science and Technology Investigation Institute, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Province Mapping and Science and Technology Investigation Institute, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067733927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8168,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98106659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiosonde","display_name":"Radiosonde","score":0.8961383104324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8423669934272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5414064526557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5250014066696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4947804808616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4888586401939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4708280861377716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.44671839475631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.4400363862514496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3665813207626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.36632028222084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32491928339004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2314710021018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.177074134349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14810046553611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10723784565925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.09469297528266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08895072340965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08087459206581116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11999413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852817","display_name":"Radiosonde","level":2,"score":0.8961383104324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8423669934272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5414064526557922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5250014066696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4947804808616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4888586401939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4708280861377716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.44671839475631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.4400363862514496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3665813207626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.36632028222084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32491928339004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2314710021018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.177074134349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14810046553611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10723784565925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09469297528266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08895072340965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08087459206581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3239392","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3239392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1907525826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42274042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2791273083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JJ30697","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3819459048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901295","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5602026149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41904032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W367386926","https://openalex.org/W1535176033","https://openalex.org/W1609000588","https://openalex.org/W1976282490","https://openalex.org/W1987402796","https://openalex.org/W1995199641","https://openalex.org/W2006488704","https://openalex.org/W2009942482","https://openalex.org/W2035154002","https://openalex.org/W2042435616","https://openalex.org/W2047158459","https://openalex.org/W2047953700","https://openalex.org/W2060414271","https://openalex.org/W2062649567","https://openalex.org/W2068342176","https://openalex.org/W2068353266","https://openalex.org/W2071416426","https://openalex.org/W2073986617","https://openalex.org/W2088834197","https://openalex.org/W2103477551","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2127123095","https://openalex.org/W2134691634","https://openalex.org/W2135750150","https://openalex.org/W2136912939","https://openalex.org/W2172977821","https://openalex.org/W2240784183","https://openalex.org/W2248698344","https://openalex.org/W2255501312","https://openalex.org/W2308146030","https://openalex.org/W2495405733","https://openalex.org/W2512715031","https://openalex.org/W2600102298","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2781901994","https://openalex.org/W2792682821","https://openalex.org/W2795397383","https://openalex.org/W2801244872","https://openalex.org/W2805054844","https://openalex.org/W2819674488","https://openalex.org/W2892321080","https://openalex.org/W2908603759","https://openalex.org/W2914426878","https://openalex.org/W2981551760","https://openalex.org/W2986059130","https://openalex.org/W3022304492","https://openalex.org/W3090258379","https://openalex.org/W3128006748","https://openalex.org/W3140866261","https://openalex.org/W3186018430","https://openalex.org/W4207076719","https://openalex.org/W4211122162","https://openalex.org/W4313372125","https://openalex.org/W4313408216","https://openalex.org/W6603992020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W2064660797","https://openalex.org/W4387714868","https://openalex.org/W20579766","https://openalex.org/W2601478304","https://openalex.org/W2071552392","https://openalex.org/W2765783544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,28,96],"potential":[1],"of":[2,18,35,77,80,91,110,141,185,250,259,274],"precipitable":[3],"water":[4,58],"vapor":[5,59],"(PWV)":[6],"maps":[7],"retrieved":[8],"by":[9,61,170],"remote":[10],"sensing":[11],"satellites":[12],"can":[13,37,87,268],"address":[14],"the":[15,54,69,81,89,92,107,138,142,146,154,159,163,167,191,207,229,247,257,271],"geometry":[16],"defect":[17],"global":[19],"navigation":[20],"satellite":[21,32],"system":[22],"(GNSS)":[23],"observations":[24],"in":[25,119],"tropospheric":[26],"tomography.":[27],"second-generation":[29],"geostationary":[30],"meteorological":[31],"Fengyun-4A":[33],"(FY-4A)":[34],"China":[36],"provide":[38],"PWV":[39,74,83],"products":[40,67,76,262],"with":[41,102,156],"high":[42],"spatial":[43],"(4":[44],"km)":[45],"and":[46,65,126,172,176,190],"temporal":[47],"(15":[48],"min)":[49],"resolutions.":[50],"This":[51,254],"article":[52],"presents":[53],"first":[55],"study":[56,208],"on":[57],"tomography":[60,98,265],"integrating":[62],"GNSS":[63,117,150,264],"measurements":[64],"FY-4A":[66,78,261],"using":[68,124,149],"node-based":[70],"parameterized":[71],"method.":[72],"Layer":[73],"(LPW)":[75],"instead":[79],"total":[82],"are":[84],"adopted,":[85],"which":[86],"increase":[88],"rank":[90],"tomographic":[93,164],"equation":[94],"significantly.":[95],"integrated":[97,143,160,192],"model":[99,144,148,161,169,193],"is":[100],"validated":[101],"observational":[103],"data":[104,136,151],"collected":[105],"over":[106],"three-month":[108],"period":[109],"June":[111],"to":[112,197,231,263],"August":[113],"2020":[114],"from":[115,195,213],"124":[116],"stations":[118],"Hunan":[120],"province,":[121],"China.":[122],"Assessments":[123],"radiosonde":[125,157],"European":[127],"Centre":[128],"for":[129,174],"Medium-Range":[130],"Weather":[131],"Forecasts":[132],"ReAnalysis":[133],"5":[134],"(ERA5)":[135],"demonstrate":[137],"better":[139],"performance":[140],"against":[145],"traditional":[147,168],"alone.":[152],"In":[153],"assessment":[155],"profiles,":[158],"improves":[162],"solutions":[165],"upon":[166],"40.58%":[171],"36.33%":[173],"30-":[175],"15-min":[177],"resolutions,":[178],"respectively.":[179],"Root":[180],"mean":[181],"square":[182],"errors":[183],"(RMSEs)":[184],"density":[186],"differences":[187],"between":[188],"ERA5":[189],"vary":[194],"1.24":[196],"2.82":[198],"g/":[199,221,239],"<inline-formula":[200,214,222,232,240],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[201,215,223,233,241],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[202,216,224,234,242],"<tex-math":[203,217,225,235,243],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text{m}^{3}$":[204,226,244],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[205,220,227,238,245],"throughout":[206],"area.":[209],"RMSEs":[210],"vertically":[211],"decrease":[212],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\sim":[218,236],"5$":[219],"at":[228,246],"bottom":[230],"0.5$":[237],"top":[248],"layer":[249],"about":[251],"10":[252],"km.":[253],"work":[255],"demonstrates":[256],"benefit":[258],"high-quality":[260],"because":[266],"they":[267],"effectively":[269],"mitigate":[270],"ill-posed":[272],"problem":[273],"inverse":[275],"process.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}