{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315631029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3236106","title":"Thick Cloud Removal Under Land Cover Changes Using Multisource Satellite Imagery and a Spatiotemporal Attention Network","display_name":"Thick Cloud Removal Under Land Cover Changes Using Multisource Satellite Imagery and a Spatiotemporal Attention Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315631029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3236106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3236106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3236106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458777","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-5396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705731","display_name":"Bo Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-3522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005751586","display_name":"Jiajun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9316-7568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100458777"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9345298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7282946109771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7000836730003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6655574440956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5822662711143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5682429075241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.5666652321815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-cover","display_name":"Cloud cover","score":0.5442947745323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5094099640846252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4586522579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4086934030056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36071574687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.21852457523345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11261352896690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08681100606918335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7282946109771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7000836730003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6655574440956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5822662711143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5682429075241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.5666652321815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.5442947745323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5094099640846252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4586522579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4086934030056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36071574687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.21852457523345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11261352896690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08681100606918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2023.3236106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2023.3236106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5101139844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFC1510400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6120248837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AoE/E-603/18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7549897355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3903700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7933956671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W262588213","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1963768209","https://openalex.org/W1982867473","https://openalex.org/W1998557720","https://openalex.org/W1998680950","https://openalex.org/W2009619252","https://openalex.org/W2017036757","https://openalex.org/W2017169137","https://openalex.org/W2018433067","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2028191110","https://openalex.org/W2029116331","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2083733711","https://openalex.org/W2090702492","https://openalex.org/W2095396982","https://openalex.org/W2110940063","https://openalex.org/W2145569126","https://openalex.org/W2149676023","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2333267146","https://openalex.org/W2333390289","https://openalex.org/W2528677926","https://openalex.org/W2594511897","https://openalex.org/W2736566689","https://openalex.org/W2754152507","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2785924090","https://openalex.org/W2788008270","https://openalex.org/W2885696803","https://openalex.org/W2886531064","https://openalex.org/W2894340056","https://openalex.org/W2900639982","https://openalex.org/W2901339722","https://openalex.org/W2912747420","https://openalex.org/W2913098125","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922288958","https://openalex.org/W2969663607","https://openalex.org/W2984762222","https://openalex.org/W3008202438","https://openalex.org/W3014120959","https://openalex.org/W3025649582","https://openalex.org/W3027738884","https://openalex.org/W3038579873","https://openalex.org/W3041874188","https://openalex.org/W3043480203","https://openalex.org/W3043490760","https://openalex.org/W3081397212","https://openalex.org/W3093070524","https://openalex.org/W3103964896","https://openalex.org/W3105052070","https://openalex.org/W3130461578","https://openalex.org/W3134786407","https://openalex.org/W3137572916","https://openalex.org/W3158264621","https://openalex.org/W3175044012","https://openalex.org/W3177454358","https://openalex.org/W4221030283","https://openalex.org/W6631190155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4200173597","https://openalex.org/W3116150086","https://openalex.org/W2782645198","https://openalex.org/W2999805992","https://openalex.org/W4291897433","https://openalex.org/W2289096635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1],"satellites":[2],"provide":[3],"observations":[4],"of":[5,33,41,176,190,219],"the":[6,28,37,91,100,138,151,188,194,222,228],"Earth\u2019s":[7],"surface,":[8],"which":[9],"are":[10],"crucial":[11],"data":[12,115,192,245],"for":[13,237],"applications":[14],"and":[15,24,30,39,82,99,143,172,180,203,240],"analyses":[16],"in":[17,56,94,104,121,174,199],"several":[18],"fields,":[19],"including":[20],"agriculture,":[21],"environmental":[22],"protection,":[23],"sustainable":[25],"development.":[26],"However,":[27],"wide":[29],"frequent":[31],"occurrence":[32],"clouds":[34],"highly":[35],"undermines":[36],"quality":[38],"availability":[40],"usable":[42],"optical":[43],"data,":[44],"particularly":[45],"low-temporal-resolution":[46],"data.":[47,153],"Although":[48],"deep":[49],"learning":[50],"techniques":[51],"have":[52],"facilitated":[53],"recent":[54],"progress":[55],"cloud":[57,61,83,195,210,235,249],"removal":[58,62,196,236],"algorithms,":[59],"thick":[60,78],"under":[63,208],"changing":[64],"land":[65,117,205],"cover":[66,118,206],"remains":[67],"challenging.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"study,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"a":[74,95,105,122,131],"framework":[75,89],"to":[76,112,146,234],"remove":[77],"clouds,":[79,81],"thin":[80],"shadow":[84],"from":[85,150,227],"Sentinel-2":[86,96,124],"images.":[87],"The":[88,126,154,183,212],"integrates":[90],"spatial":[92],"detail":[93],"reference":[97],"image":[98,108,224],"coarse":[101],"spectral":[102],"pattern":[103],"near-target-date":[106],"Sentinel-3":[107,191,223],"as":[109],"spatiotemporal":[110,132],"guidance":[111],"generate":[113],"missing":[114],"with":[116,201,242],"change":[119],"information":[120],"cloudy":[123],"image.":[125],"reconstruction":[127],"is":[128,225],"performed":[129],"using":[130],"attention":[133],"network":[134,165],"(STAN)":[135],"that":[136,158,187,246],"adopts":[137],"self-attention":[139],"mechanism,":[140],"residual":[141,161],"learning,":[142],"high-pass":[144],"features":[145,233],"enhance":[147],"feature":[148],"extraction":[149],"multisource":[152],"experimental":[155,213],"results":[156,214],"show":[157],"STAN":[159,220],"outperforms":[160],"u-net":[162],"(ResUnet),":[163],"cloud-removal":[164],"(CRN),":[166],"convolutional":[167],"neural":[168],"network-based":[169],"spatial\u2013temporal\u2013spectral":[170],"(STS-CNN),":[171],"DSen2-CR":[173],"terms":[175],"multiple":[177],"quantitative":[178],"metrics":[179],"visual":[181],"characteristics.":[182],"comparative":[184],"experiment":[185],"proves":[186],"integration":[189],"improves":[193],"performance,":[197],"especially":[198],"areas":[200],"distinctive":[202],"heterogeneous":[204],"changes":[207],"large-scale":[209],"cover.":[211,250],"also":[215],"indicate":[216],"high":[217],"generalizability":[218],"when":[221,231],"far":[226],"target":[229],"date,":[230],"transferring":[232],"new":[238],"images,":[239],"even":[241],"limited":[243],"training":[244],"simulates":[247],"severe":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}