{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312426292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3226631","title":"Monitoring the Water Vapor Content at High Spatio-Temporal Resolution Using a Network of Low-Cost Multi-GNSS Receivers","display_name":"Monitoring the Water Vapor Content at High Spatio-Temporal Resolution Using a Network of Low-Cost Multi-GNSS Receivers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312426292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3226631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3226631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3226631","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/09969665.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/09969665.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031259755","display_name":"Grzegorz Marut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9877-1898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095092","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Cartography","ror":"https://ror.org/00ph65r66","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grzegorz Marut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9877-1898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059022601","display_name":"Tomasz Hada\u015b","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-5078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095092","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Cartography","ror":"https://ror.org/00ph65r66","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Hadas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-5078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019542941","display_name":"Jan Kap\u0142on","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-0865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095092","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Cartography","ror":"https://ror.org/00ph65r66","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Kaplon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-0865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050155234","display_name":"Estera Trzcina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0068-6543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095092","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Cartography","ror":"https://ror.org/00ph65r66","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estera Trzcina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0068-6543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045663368","display_name":"Witold Rohm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-6366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095092","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Cartography","ror":"https://ror.org/00ph65r66","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Rohm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-6366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroc&#x0142;aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc&#x0142;aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095092"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.4626,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98865392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9368640184402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6521857976913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.5940727591514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5875047445297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-vapor","display_name":"Water vapor","score":0.5828080177307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5142695307731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.49249157309532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4786161780357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4763736426830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34597182273864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.285163938999176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17779162526130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1411152482032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1130044162273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11016061902046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.07649317383766174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9368640184402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6521857976913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.5940727591514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5875047445297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.5828080177307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5142695307731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.49249157309532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4786161780357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4763736426830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34597182273864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.285163938999176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17779162526130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1411152482032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1130044162273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11016061902046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.07649317383766174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3226631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3226631","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/09969665.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3226631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3226631","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/09969665.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087947264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020/39/I/ST10/01318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316462","display_name":"Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wroc\u0142awiu","ror":"https://ror.org/05cs8k179"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322511","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322650","display_name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312426292.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312426292.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W797478961","https://openalex.org/W1607909567","https://openalex.org/W1660792612","https://openalex.org/W1676184398","https://openalex.org/W1967157701","https://openalex.org/W1974561698","https://openalex.org/W1978479522","https://openalex.org/W2001767484","https://openalex.org/W2006749283","https://openalex.org/W2014310987","https://openalex.org/W2021214714","https://openalex.org/W2030916107","https://openalex.org/W2037924580","https://openalex.org/W2042435616","https://openalex.org/W2047383201","https://openalex.org/W2051352588","https://openalex.org/W2059027217","https://openalex.org/W2060803307","https://openalex.org/W2064266439","https://openalex.org/W2079986986","https://openalex.org/W2090965227","https://openalex.org/W2095561522","https://openalex.org/W2099756944","https://openalex.org/W2107580499","https://openalex.org/W2112306707","https://openalex.org/W2122511023","https://openalex.org/W2127642947","https://openalex.org/W2158612390","https://openalex.org/W2161508085","https://openalex.org/W2171194180","https://openalex.org/W2174366170","https://openalex.org/W2174616381","https://openalex.org/W2253684635","https://openalex.org/W2463223193","https://openalex.org/W2479334908","https://openalex.org/W2506210041","https://openalex.org/W2519117470","https://openalex.org/W2525802607","https://openalex.org/W2607123227","https://openalex.org/W2618274983","https://openalex.org/W2626206922","https://openalex.org/W2767881019","https://openalex.org/W2783194539","https://openalex.org/W2795624920","https://openalex.org/W2795879017","https://openalex.org/W2804646835","https://openalex.org/W2889641547","https://openalex.org/W2905471740","https://openalex.org/W2913838571","https://openalex.org/W2915783575","https://openalex.org/W2919953355","https://openalex.org/W2944678709","https://openalex.org/W2946434424","https://openalex.org/W2956574200","https://openalex.org/W2973169687","https://openalex.org/W2980927723","https://openalex.org/W2981627152","https://openalex.org/W2983534366","https://openalex.org/W2986422729","https://openalex.org/W2988570823","https://openalex.org/W3002553448","https://openalex.org/W3003425311","https://openalex.org/W3018705981","https://openalex.org/W3023837563","https://openalex.org/W3035606127","https://openalex.org/W3042569090","https://openalex.org/W3043420480","https://openalex.org/W3046869397","https://openalex.org/W3048067806","https://openalex.org/W3082926129","https://openalex.org/W3095262494","https://openalex.org/W3133781938","https://openalex.org/W3135400495","https://openalex.org/W3211026269","https://openalex.org/W3215215699","https://openalex.org/W4200157956","https://openalex.org/W4200317390","https://openalex.org/W4225550279","https://openalex.org/W4388445082","https://openalex.org/W6682675615","https://openalex.org/W6858929360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378441783","https://openalex.org/W2174447425","https://openalex.org/W824566898","https://openalex.org/W2541130544","https://openalex.org/W2028613588","https://openalex.org/W1679253030","https://openalex.org/W2038581282","https://openalex.org/W4383907499","https://openalex.org/W2384148614","https://openalex.org/W3113324710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87,156],"Global":[1],"Navigation":[2],"Satellite":[3],"System":[4],"(GNSS)":[5],"has":[6,219],"the":[7,17,53,78,90,97,116,120,123,126,135,164,178,188,191,197,240,244],"capacity":[8],"for":[9,84,229],"remote":[10],"sensing":[11],"of":[12,20,34,47,56,63,67,80,119,129,159,171,180,232,252],"water":[13,38,106,136,160,245],"vapor":[14,39,107,137,161,246],"content":[15,162,247],"in":[16,151,163,177,235],"atmosphere.":[18],"Post-processing":[19],"GNSS":[21,42,49,68,74,102,174,224],"data":[22],"can":[23],"provide":[24],"Integrated":[25],"Water":[26],"Vapor":[27],"(IWV)":[28],"with":[29,72,132,248],"accuracies":[30],"comparable":[31],"to":[32,61,134,201,242,256],"measurements":[33],"traditional":[35],"sensors,":[36],"i.e.":[37],"radiometers.":[40],"While":[41],"meteorology":[43],"benefits":[44],"from":[45,99],"thousands":[46],"permanent":[48],"stations":[50],"operating":[51],"worldwide":[52],"spatial":[54,250],"resolution":[55,251],"GNSS-derived":[57,193],"IWV":[58,121,130,194,209,262],"is":[59,70,239],"limited":[60],"tens":[62],"kilometers.":[64],"Further":[65],"densification":[66],"networks":[69],"achievable":[71],"low-cost":[73,81,173,192,223],"receivers.":[75],"We":[76],"investigated":[77],"feasibility":[79],"multi-GNSS":[82],"receivers":[83,175,225],"monitoring":[85],"IWV.":[86],"post-processing":[88,152],"and":[89,109,145,153,196,207,255],"real-time":[91],"solution":[92],"are":[93,226],"validated":[94],"against":[95],"1)":[96],"results":[98],"a":[100,169,249,258],"geodetic-grade":[101],"receiver,":[103],"2)":[104],"co-located":[105],"radiometer,":[108],"3)":[110],"numerical":[111],"weather":[112,186],"model":[113],"(NWM).":[114],"Despite":[115],"high":[117],"variability":[118,158],"during":[122],"validation":[124],"period,":[125],"standard":[127],"deviation":[128],"differences":[131,210],"respect":[133],"radiometer":[138],"was":[139,166],"1.0":[140],"kg/m":[141,147,203,213],"<sup":[142,148,204,214],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[143,149,205,215],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[144,150,206,216],"1.5":[146],"real-time,":[154],"respectively.":[155],"city-scale":[157,261],"atmosphere":[165],"monitored":[167],"by":[168],"network":[170],"16":[172],"deployed":[176],"city":[179],"Wroclaw,":[181],"Poland.":[182],"During":[183],"rapidly":[184],"changing":[185],"conditions":[187],"disagreement":[189],"between":[190],"field":[195],"NWM":[198],"reached":[199],"up":[200],"5.4":[202],"inter-station":[208],"exceeded":[211],"5":[212],".":[217],"It":[218],"been":[220],"demonstrated":[221],"that":[222],"reliable":[227],"tools":[228],"precise":[230],"determination":[231],"IWV,":[233],"also":[234],"real-time.":[236],"This":[237],"study":[238],"first":[241],"measure":[243],"single":[253],"kilometers":[254],"present":[257],"significantly":[259],"diversified":[260],"field.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-04T07:58:01.006859","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
