{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312692541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3218603","title":"Graph-Based Leaf\u2013Wood Separation Method for Individual Trees Using Terrestrial Lidar Point Clouds","display_name":"Graph-Based Leaf\u2013Wood Separation Method for Individual Trees Using Terrestrial Lidar Point Clouds","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312692541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3218603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3218603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3218603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058969011","display_name":"Zhilin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhilin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-0574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049217145","display_name":"Shihua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-5012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018263800","display_name":"Huzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mvpxy20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-5012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018263800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058969011"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87924037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.793593168258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.690777063369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortest-path-problem","display_name":"Shortest path problem","score":0.566804051399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5234962105751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5079723000526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.49348580837249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4922412931919098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3334576487541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.32554692029953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3225409984588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23924362659454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1614348292350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13415619730949402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.793593168258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.690777063369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22590252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058754","display_name":"Shortest path problem","level":3,"score":0.566804051399231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5234962105751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5079723000526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.49348580837249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4922412931919098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3334576487541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.32554692029953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3225409984588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23924362659454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1614348292350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13415619730949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3218603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3218603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7380814199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964570521","https://openalex.org/W1967688818","https://openalex.org/W2003114532","https://openalex.org/W2029174152","https://openalex.org/W2059364758","https://openalex.org/W2089915976","https://openalex.org/W2102228204","https://openalex.org/W2113748593","https://openalex.org/W2136245122","https://openalex.org/W2139563663","https://openalex.org/W2174904160","https://openalex.org/W2175890440","https://openalex.org/W2223657480","https://openalex.org/W2245444544","https://openalex.org/W2588973786","https://openalex.org/W2611090267","https://openalex.org/W2612949972","https://openalex.org/W2754470632","https://openalex.org/W2767638360","https://openalex.org/W2769416190","https://openalex.org/W2784072627","https://openalex.org/W2804550932","https://openalex.org/W2804653372","https://openalex.org/W2884197231","https://openalex.org/W2896680712","https://openalex.org/W2901497416","https://openalex.org/W2907127092","https://openalex.org/W2915801748","https://openalex.org/W2966590113","https://openalex.org/W2981701971","https://openalex.org/W2983050543","https://openalex.org/W2993118362","https://openalex.org/W3088292472","https://openalex.org/W3095496092","https://openalex.org/W3175635749","https://openalex.org/W3182655399","https://openalex.org/W3182693701","https://openalex.org/W3212207495","https://openalex.org/W4283816339","https://openalex.org/W6769756024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214729122","https://openalex.org/W3080305507","https://openalex.org/W2391506322","https://openalex.org/W2189250119","https://openalex.org/W2272572439","https://openalex.org/W2543661874","https://openalex.org/W2746940507","https://openalex.org/W1988078902","https://openalex.org/W2030080266","https://openalex.org/W3096213782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terrestrial":[0],"lidar":[1],"is":[2,24],"capable":[3],"of":[4,19,30,54,79,103,110,180,189],"resolving":[5],"trees":[6,46,53,74,102],"at":[7,138],"the":[8,28,77,80,88,93,99,129,139,160,187,190],"branch/leaf":[9],"level":[10,141],"with":[11,47,210],"accurate":[12],"and":[13,21,34,57,106,115,135,144,147,158,170,173],"dense":[14],"point":[15,81,140],"clouds.":[16],"The":[17,83,132,197],"separation":[18,69],"leaf":[20],"wood":[22],"components":[23],"a":[25,65,164],"prerequisite":[26],"for":[27,52,72,101,167,202],"estimation":[29],"branch/leaf-scale":[31],"biophysical":[32],"properties":[33],"realistic":[35],"tree":[36,111],"model":[37],"reconstruction.":[38],"Most":[39],"existing":[40],"methods":[41],"have":[42],"been":[43],"tested":[44],"on":[45],"similar":[48],"structures;":[49],"their":[50],"robustness":[51],"different":[55,104],"species":[56,105],"sizes":[58],"remains":[59],"relatively":[60],"unexplored.":[61],"This":[62],"study":[63],"proposed":[64],"new":[66],"graph-based":[67],"leaf\u2013wood":[68,195],"(GBS)":[70],"method":[71,85,130,149,162],"individual":[73],"purely":[75],"using":[76],"xyz-information":[78],"cloud.":[82],"GBS":[84,161],"fully":[86],"utilized":[87],"shortest":[89,94,191],"path-based":[90,192],"features,":[91],"as":[92,204],"path":[95],"can":[96],"effectively":[97],"reflect":[98],"structures":[100],"sizes.":[107],"Ten":[108],"types":[109],"data\u2014covering":[112],"tropical,":[113],"temperate,":[114],"boreal":[116],"species\u2014with":[117],"heights":[118],"ranging":[119],"from":[120],"5.4":[121],"to":[122,127],"43.7":[123],"m,":[124],"were":[125,142],"used":[126],"test":[128],"performance.":[131],"mean":[133],"accuracy":[134],"kappa":[136],"coefficient":[137],"94%":[143],"0.78,":[145],"respectively,":[146],"our":[148,211],"outperformed":[150],"two":[151],"other":[152],"state-of-the-art":[153],"methods.":[154],"Through":[155],"further":[156,185],"analysis":[157],"testing,":[159],"exhibited":[163],"strong":[165],"ability":[166],"detecting":[168],"small":[169],"leaf-surrounded":[171],"branches,":[172],"was":[174,200],"also":[175],"sufficiently":[176],"robust":[177],"in":[178,194],"terms":[179],"data":[181],"subsampling.":[182],"Our":[183],"research":[184],"demonstrated":[186],"potential":[188],"features":[193],"separation.":[196],"entire":[198],"framework":[199],"provided":[201],"use":[203],"an":[205],"open-source":[206],"Python":[207],"package,":[208],"along":[209],"labeled":[212],"validation":[213],"data.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
