{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292982117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3200702","title":"Wave Height and Wave Period Measurements Using Small-Aperture HF Radar","display_name":"Wave Height and Wave Period Measurements Using Small-Aperture HF Radar","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292982117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3200702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3200702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3200702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050290412","display_name":"Min Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3842-9884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3842-9884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004274884","display_name":"Chen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-3749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-3749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013329409","display_name":"Zezong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zezong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-4413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086255102","display_name":"Fan Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-1312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-1312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427911","display_name":"Ting Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-5181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-5181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050290412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84542626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-wave-height","display_name":"Significant wave height","score":0.7823631763458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buoy","display_name":"Buoy","score":0.7096534371376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6697772741317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-height","display_name":"Wave height","score":0.5975163578987122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5541443824768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-radar","display_name":"Wave radar","score":0.5298611521720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5219711065292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.4821426570415497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4720476567745209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.46076324582099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.45429813861846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.42445579171180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-wave","display_name":"Wind wave","score":0.3590087890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.35788679122924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3333853781223297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32363370060920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12821853160858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10414257645606995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85910571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674049","display_name":"Significant wave height","level":3,"score":0.7823631763458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779847632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30026","display_name":"Buoy","level":2,"score":0.7096534371376038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6697772741317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70620910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821563","display_name":"Wave height","level":2,"score":0.5975163578987122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5541443824768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207699401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17034239","display_name":"Wave radar","level":5,"score":0.5298611521720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5219711065292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.4821426570415497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4720476567745209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.46076324582099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.45429813861846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.42445579171180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.3590087890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.35788679122924805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3333853781223297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32363370060920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12821853160858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10414257645606995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3200702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3200702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3900001672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5574830310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC1400504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6492046825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFF0206404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6998867282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41506201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985625364","https://openalex.org/W1986530935","https://openalex.org/W1987953830","https://openalex.org/W1994806447","https://openalex.org/W2016814007","https://openalex.org/W2056594571","https://openalex.org/W2062324699","https://openalex.org/W2095325216","https://openalex.org/W2099317576","https://openalex.org/W2111241952","https://openalex.org/W2111844810","https://openalex.org/W2118725385","https://openalex.org/W2125404507","https://openalex.org/W2131852724","https://openalex.org/W2136889516","https://openalex.org/W2137303278","https://openalex.org/W2148270077","https://openalex.org/W2148692373","https://openalex.org/W2149131108","https://openalex.org/W2173619624","https://openalex.org/W2420004962","https://openalex.org/W2787624583","https://openalex.org/W2793249135","https://openalex.org/W2810856728","https://openalex.org/W2900626425","https://openalex.org/W2910821585","https://openalex.org/W2918233154","https://openalex.org/W2919307798","https://openalex.org/W2936909699","https://openalex.org/W2967396835","https://openalex.org/W2977796719","https://openalex.org/W2980227853","https://openalex.org/W2996728648","https://openalex.org/W3096913016","https://openalex.org/W3202113963","https://openalex.org/W4210798405","https://openalex.org/W4212781820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324808582","https://openalex.org/W2091909192","https://openalex.org/W4311758679","https://openalex.org/W753956010","https://openalex.org/W1574013725","https://openalex.org/W2103684659","https://openalex.org/W2391426977","https://openalex.org/W2904258579","https://openalex.org/W2348906749","https://openalex.org/W1585346535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"small-aperture":[1,67],"receiving":[2],"array":[3],"occupying":[4],"a":[5,22,34,66,117],"small":[6],"area":[7],"provides":[8],"convenience":[9],"for":[10,36,101,126],"the":[11,49,63,75,79,96,99,132,135,144,154,166,169,177,187,191,196,205,210,216,222,226,231,235],"layout":[12],"of":[13,19,65,98,146,234],"HF":[14,68],"radars.":[15],"However,":[16],"this":[17,32,54],"kind":[18],"antennas":[20],"has":[21],"wide":[23],"beam,":[24,50],"which":[25],"adversely":[26],"affects":[27],"wave":[28,38,58,71,77,83,137,147,172,189,207,212],"measurements.":[29],"To":[30],"solve":[31],"problem,":[33],"method":[35,100,112,218,228],"extracting":[37],"parameters":[39,72],"from":[40,62,88],"wide-beam":[41],"radar":[42,69,105,125],"echoes,":[43],"that":[44,141,204],"models":[45],"current":[46,103,159],"variations":[47],"across":[48],"is":[51,60,91,113,174,183,193,198],"proposed":[52,111,217,227],"in":[53],"article.":[55],"The":[56,110,161,201],"nondirectional":[57],"spectrum":[59,237],"extracted":[61,214],"echoes":[64],"and":[70,81,107,134,157,168,176,195,209,225],"such":[73,152],"as":[74,153],"significant":[76,171,206],"height,":[78],"peak":[80],"mean":[82,179,188,211],"period":[84,213],"are":[85,150,219],"then":[86,114],"calculated":[87],"it.":[89],"Simulation":[90],"carried":[92],"out":[93],"to":[94,116],"assess":[95],"performance":[97,145],"different":[102],"velocities,":[104],"frequencies":[106],"wind":[108],"conditions.":[109],"applied":[115],"9-day":[118],"data":[119],"set":[120],"collected":[121],"by":[122,215,239],"an":[123],"MHF-C":[124],"further":[127],"validation":[128],"via":[129],"comparisons":[130],"between":[131,165],"radar-estimated":[133,167],"buoy-measured":[136,170,223],"parameters.":[138],"Some":[139],"factors":[140],"may":[142],"affect":[143],"height":[148,173,208],"measurements":[149],"analyzed,":[151],"signal-to-noise":[155],"ratio":[156],"radial":[158],"velocity.":[160],"correlation":[162],"coefficient":[163],"(CC)":[164],"0.90,":[175],"root":[178],"square":[180],"difference":[181],"(RMSD)":[182],"0.51":[184],"m.":[185],"For":[186],"period,":[190],"CC":[192],"0.61":[194],"RMSD":[197],"0.67":[199],"s.":[200],"results":[202],"demonstrate":[203],"consistent":[220],"with":[221],"values":[224],"can":[229],"overcome":[230],"broadening":[232],"influence":[233],"Doppler":[236],"caused":[238],"ocean":[240],"currents.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}