{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286377515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3193273","title":"Multimodal Semantic Consistency-Based Fusion Architecture Search for Land Cover Classification","display_name":"Multimodal Semantic Consistency-Based Fusion Architecture Search for Land Cover Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286377515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3193273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3193273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3193273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755904","display_name":"Xiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-3781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-3781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027874662","display_name":"Lin Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-5528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059286206","display_name":"Caiguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0321-9900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caiguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082887216","display_name":"Gangyao Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-889X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangyao Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79282036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7426893711090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6687334179878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6189180612564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6019116640090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5599255561828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5570693612098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4978303909301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4865683317184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4632697105407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.42866918444633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.41931259632110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4175947904586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3441409766674042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.32917520403862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20968297123908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.09104594588279724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7426893711090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6687334179878235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6189180612564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6019116640090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5599255561828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5570693612098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4978303909301758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4865683317184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4632697105407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.42866918444633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.41931259632110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4175947904586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3441409766674042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.32917520403862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20968297123908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.09104594588279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3193273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3193273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60686164","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1584663654","https://openalex.org/W1777628566","https://openalex.org/W2016053056","https://openalex.org/W2104657103","https://openalex.org/W2141939040","https://openalex.org/W2160654481","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2747623286","https://openalex.org/W2754395699","https://openalex.org/W2765739551","https://openalex.org/W2767290858","https://openalex.org/W2888471892","https://openalex.org/W2899125955","https://openalex.org/W2904106524","https://openalex.org/W2949197413","https://openalex.org/W2951104886","https://openalex.org/W2961666066","https://openalex.org/W2962850006","https://openalex.org/W2964260444","https://openalex.org/W2965658867","https://openalex.org/W2989451156","https://openalex.org/W2997294353","https://openalex.org/W3007363984","https://openalex.org/W3010622813","https://openalex.org/W3012084003","https://openalex.org/W3035356612","https://openalex.org/W3035570025","https://openalex.org/W3035805339","https://openalex.org/W3037215700","https://openalex.org/W3037788579","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3080081801","https://openalex.org/W3081345704","https://openalex.org/W3086451439","https://openalex.org/W3092767330","https://openalex.org/W3092903587","https://openalex.org/W3093769466","https://openalex.org/W3102692100","https://openalex.org/W3105260381","https://openalex.org/W3118513496","https://openalex.org/W3133717156","https://openalex.org/W3136985054","https://openalex.org/W3158200550","https://openalex.org/W3169831760","https://openalex.org/W4200571910","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6728881024","https://openalex.org/W6729956949","https://openalex.org/W6734593296","https://openalex.org/W6752515464","https://openalex.org/W6753344092","https://openalex.org/W6766225098","https://openalex.org/W6777926273","https://openalex.org/W6784085021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982947611","https://openalex.org/W2766604260","https://openalex.org/W2986507176","https://openalex.org/W2738221750","https://openalex.org/W3189091156","https://openalex.org/W3156786002","https://openalex.org/W4311257506","https://openalex.org/W3175108991","https://openalex.org/W2732542196","https://openalex.org/W564581980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0,119],"Land":[1],"Cover":[2],"Classification":[3],"(MLCC)":[4],"using":[5,20],"the":[6,49,69,82,131,147,151,160,169,191,198,207],"optical":[7,152,180,221],"and":[8,54,90,142,153,181,188,222],"Synthetic":[9],"Aperture":[10],"Radar":[11],"(SAR)":[12],"modalities":[13,53],"has":[14],"resulted":[15],"in":[16,85,126],"outstanding":[17],"performances":[18,213],"over":[19],"only":[21,138],"unimodal":[22],"data":[23],"due":[24,80],"to":[25,47,72,81,146,174],"their":[26],"complementary":[27,192],"information":[28],"on":[29,40,194,206,217],"land":[30,58,195],"properties.":[31,196],"Previous":[32],"multimodal":[33,114,164],"deep":[34],"learning":[35,202],"(MDL)":[36],"methods":[37,96],"have":[38,97],"relied":[39],"handcrafted":[41,64],"multi-branch":[42],"convolutional":[43],"neural":[44],"networks":[45],"(CNN)":[46],"extract":[48],"features":[50,103,183],"of":[51,87,101,150,162,200,214],"different":[52,105,148],"merged":[55],"them":[56],"for":[57],"cover":[59],"classification.":[60],"However,":[61],"natural":[62],"images-oriented":[63],"CNN":[65],"models":[66],"may":[67],"not":[68,137],"optimal":[70,99,140,163],"strategies":[71],"handle":[73],"Remote":[74],"Sensing":[75],"(RS)":[76],"image":[77],"interpretation":[78],"problems,":[79],"huge":[83],"difference":[84],"terms":[86],"imaging":[88,91],"angles":[89],"ways.":[92],"Furthermore,":[93],"few":[94],"MDL":[95],"analyzed":[98],"combinations":[100],"hierarchical":[102,179],"from":[104],"modalities.":[106],"In":[107],"this":[108],"article,":[109],"we":[110],"propose":[111],"an":[112],"efficient":[113],"architecture":[115],"search":[116,128,161],"framework,":[117],"namely":[118],"Semantic":[120],"Consistency-Based":[121],"Fusion":[122],"Architecture":[123],"Search":[124],"(M<sup>2</sup>SC-FAS)":[125],"continuous":[127],"space":[129],"with":[130,184],"gradient-based":[132],"optimization":[133],"method,":[134],"which":[135],"can":[136],"discover":[139],"optical-":[141],"SAR-specific":[143],"architectures":[144],"according":[145],"characteristics":[149],"SAR":[154,182,223],"images,":[155],"respectively,":[156],"but":[157],"also":[158],"realizes":[159],"dense":[165,176],"fusion":[166,177],"architecture.":[167],"Specifically,":[168],"semantic-consistency":[170],"constraint":[171],"is":[172,204],"introduced":[173],"guarantee":[175],"between":[178],"high":[185],"semantic":[186],"consistency":[187],"then":[189],"capture":[190],"performance":[193],"Finally,":[197],"basis":[199],"curriculum":[201],"strategy":[203],"adopted":[205],"M<sup>2</sup>SC-FAS.":[208],"Extensive":[209],"experiments":[210],"show":[211],"superior":[212],"our":[215],"work":[216],"three":[218],"broad":[219],"co-registered":[220],"datasets.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
