{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285197663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3187154","title":"Fusing Landsat-8, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 Data for River Water Mapping Using Multidimensional Weighted Fusion Method","display_name":"Fusing Landsat-8, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 Data for River Water Mapping Using Multidimensional Weighted Fusion Method","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285197663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3187154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3187154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3187154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067578919","display_name":"Qihang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-1133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qihang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100703155","display_name":"Shiqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-6356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084436653","display_name":"Ninglian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ninglian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043076787","display_name":"Yisen Ming","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yisen Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087351521","display_name":"Chang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-4581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067578919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.557,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81663364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7023285031318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6396223902702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.613471269607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5152125954627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5140115022659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4734848737716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.4281264543533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4109065532684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2556114196777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25382760167121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24580934643745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1719028651714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14843976497650146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7023285031318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6396223902702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.613471269607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5152125954627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5140115022659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4734848737716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.4281264543533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4109065532684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2556114196777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25382760167121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24580934643745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1719028651714325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14843976497650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3187154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3187154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4954581149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2243205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5849796490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JM-314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8628077330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFC1510503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79139011","https://openalex.org/W344203161","https://openalex.org/W1521595634","https://openalex.org/W1610015390","https://openalex.org/W1873066041","https://openalex.org/W1975795658","https://openalex.org/W1987927366","https://openalex.org/W1995581599","https://openalex.org/W2004744873","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2032075546","https://openalex.org/W2035285838","https://openalex.org/W2037364101","https://openalex.org/W2039125701","https://openalex.org/W2043185941","https://openalex.org/W2056811372","https://openalex.org/W2074504304","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2084744129","https://openalex.org/W2088603520","https://openalex.org/W2096451472","https://openalex.org/W2100168170","https://openalex.org/W2101439532","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2110860838","https://openalex.org/W2119911758","https://openalex.org/W2129038850","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2144757974","https://openalex.org/W2149960531","https://openalex.org/W2151747974","https://openalex.org/W2154039449","https://openalex.org/W2157954302","https://openalex.org/W2158262405","https://openalex.org/W2158776858","https://openalex.org/W2165350297","https://openalex.org/W2489762031","https://openalex.org/W2490529721","https://openalex.org/W2507587848","https://openalex.org/W2508032853","https://openalex.org/W2514340250","https://openalex.org/W2555930266","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2605759019","https://openalex.org/W2611472826","https://openalex.org/W2626382822","https://openalex.org/W2741377155","https://openalex.org/W2751786729","https://openalex.org/W2755803111","https://openalex.org/W2761768389","https://openalex.org/W2766787966","https://openalex.org/W2787879829","https://openalex.org/W2790742725","https://openalex.org/W2790944589","https://openalex.org/W2793060913","https://openalex.org/W2793648181","https://openalex.org/W2794053784","https://openalex.org/W2806372996","https://openalex.org/W2890248767","https://openalex.org/W2896697209","https://openalex.org/W2901548907","https://openalex.org/W2907927619","https://openalex.org/W2913128707","https://openalex.org/W2916848715","https://openalex.org/W2931894371","https://openalex.org/W2937677292","https://openalex.org/W2950493522","https://openalex.org/W2955998290","https://openalex.org/W2967493388","https://openalex.org/W2985691770","https://openalex.org/W3022424777","https://openalex.org/W3023901488","https://openalex.org/W3026075476","https://openalex.org/W3033650189","https://openalex.org/W3033770469","https://openalex.org/W3047063164","https://openalex.org/W3049703425","https://openalex.org/W3081182430","https://openalex.org/W3091786933","https://openalex.org/W3094614841","https://openalex.org/W3138810772","https://openalex.org/W3178373310","https://openalex.org/W3187718975","https://openalex.org/W3194668319","https://openalex.org/W4230026809","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4243820775","https://openalex.org/W6675245165","https://openalex.org/W6684427594","https://openalex.org/W6722902310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102148524","https://openalex.org/W2314720829","https://openalex.org/W4385074335","https://openalex.org/W2355001665","https://openalex.org/W2158111730","https://openalex.org/W2626189183","https://openalex.org/W2148964467","https://openalex.org/W1444168786","https://openalex.org/W2054274794","https://openalex.org/W2538381311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"River":[0],"water":[1,22,57,75,135,146],"extent":[2,213],"is":[3],"critical":[4],"for":[5,55,237],"understanding":[6],"river":[7,21,56,134,145,212],"discharge":[8],"or":[9,26],"its":[10],"hydrological":[11,244],"conditions.":[12],"Although":[13],"numerous":[14],"methods":[15],"have":[16],"been":[17],"proposed":[18,161],"to":[19,73,92,119,179,190,202],"map":[20],"from":[23,78,154],"either":[24],"optical":[25],"synthetic":[27],"aperture":[28],"radar":[29],"(SAR)":[30],"remotely":[31],"sensed":[32],"images,":[33],"uncertainties":[34],"still":[35],"exist":[36],"broadly.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"study,":[40],"we":[41],"developed":[42,91],"an":[43],"image":[44],"fusion":[45,126],"method":[46,163],"that":[47,164],"integrates":[48],"Landsat-8,":[49],"Sentinel-1":[50],"and":[51,82,114,181,198,205,210,227,241],"Sentinel-2":[52],"images":[53,111,156,220],"simultaneously":[54],"mapping":[58,214],"with":[59,99,221],"two":[60],"major":[61],"steps.":[62],"Firstly,":[63],"a":[64,84,166],"posterior":[65],"probability":[66,76,95],"support":[67],"vector":[68],"machine":[69],"model":[70],"was":[71,90,177],"adopted":[72],"generate":[74],"maps":[77,147],"each":[79],"individual":[80],"image;":[81],"second,":[83],"Multi-dimensional":[85],"Weighted":[86],"Fusion":[87],"Method":[88],"(MDWFM)":[89],"fuse":[93],"these":[94],"maps.":[96],"Four":[97],"reaches":[98],"different":[100],"characteristics":[101],"were":[102,112],"selected":[103],"as":[104,116],"case":[105],"study":[106],"sites.":[107],"High":[108],"resolution":[109,224],"aerial":[110],"acquired":[113],"used":[115],"the":[117,125,131,140,152,160,182,185,239],"reference":[118],"evaluate":[120],"our":[121],"results.":[122],"We":[123],"found":[124],"process":[127],"not":[128],"only":[129],"improves":[130],"quality":[132],"of":[133,234,243],"mapping,":[136],"but":[137],"also":[138],"excludes":[139],"cloud":[141],"interference.":[142],"The":[143,171,192],"fused":[144],"become":[148],"more":[149],"reliable":[150],"after":[151],"conflicts":[153],"difference":[155,176],"being":[157],"solved":[158],"by":[159],"MDWFM":[162],"contains":[165],"proportional":[167],"conflict":[168],"redistribution":[169],"rule.":[170],"weighted":[172],"root":[173],"mean":[174],"square":[175],"reduced":[178],"0.066,":[180],"Area":[183],"Under":[184],"ROC":[186],"curve":[187],"reached":[188,200],"up":[189,201],"0.984.":[191],"Critical":[193],"Success":[194],"Index,":[195],"Kappa":[196],"Coefficient,":[197],"F-measure":[199],"0.810,":[203],"0.836":[204],"0.895,":[206],"respectively.":[207],"These":[208],"stable":[209],"accurate":[211],"results":[215],"obtained":[216],"through":[217],"fusing":[218],"multiple":[219],"high":[222],"spatial":[223],"(10":[225],"m)":[226],"short":[228],"revisit":[229],"interval":[230],"(0.4~4.4":[231],"days)":[232],"are":[233],"great":[235],"significance":[236],"enriching":[238],"data":[240],"methodology":[242],"studies.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}