{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285262969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3176216","title":"MSLAN: A Two-Branch Multidirectional Spectral\u2013Spatial LSTM Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"MSLAN: A Two-Branch Multidirectional Spectral\u2013Spatial LSTM Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285262969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3176216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3176216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3176216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010200502","display_name":"Tiecheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-2812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiecheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering and the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Communication and Information Engineering at Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1264-2812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering and the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering at Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101966985","display_name":"Yuanlin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5736-2267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanlin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering and the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Communication and Information Engineering at Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering and the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering at Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021881939","display_name":"Chenqiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-4148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenqiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering and the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","School of Communication and Information Engineering at Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-4148","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering and the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering at Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Signal and Information Processing, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767774","display_name":"Haonan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-3064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-3064","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362041","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-9448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and the Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-9448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and the Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95782712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7796719670295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7022008895874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6846524477005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6438831686973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47398462891578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44980019330978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4385785460472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.43845176696777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21027463674545288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7796719670295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7022008895874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6846524477005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6438831686973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47398462891578674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44980019330978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4385785460472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.43845176696777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21027463674545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3176216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3176216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1270112442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G159667453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2018jcyjAX0033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327865","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309627","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327865","display_name":"Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1950365613","https://openalex.org/W1965309615","https://openalex.org/W1982427174","https://openalex.org/W2022470997","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2063385051","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2119897980","https://openalex.org/W2144966944","https://openalex.org/W2152057649","https://openalex.org/W2166923144","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2257307118","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2548791488","https://openalex.org/W2600746131","https://openalex.org/W2602024454","https://openalex.org/W2603834682","https://openalex.org/W2609880332","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2765622256","https://openalex.org/W2767805377","https://openalex.org/W2779530678","https://openalex.org/W2780740184","https://openalex.org/W2782517596","https://openalex.org/W2789643644","https://openalex.org/W2790473231","https://openalex.org/W2791006446","https://openalex.org/W2792764867","https://openalex.org/W2794812819","https://openalex.org/W2799390666","https://openalex.org/W2800371750","https://openalex.org/W2811355488","https://openalex.org/W2887785636","https://openalex.org/W2888715336","https://openalex.org/W2893756180","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2942454403","https://openalex.org/W2950266692","https://openalex.org/W2950325582","https://openalex.org/W2989871747","https://openalex.org/W2999446243","https://openalex.org/W3004877455","https://openalex.org/W3014628500","https://openalex.org/W3031696400","https://openalex.org/W3036589244","https://openalex.org/W3043181422","https://openalex.org/W3046027728","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3049655825","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3114720220","https://openalex.org/W3119622049","https://openalex.org/W3120356488","https://openalex.org/W3122774149","https://openalex.org/W3138725786","https://openalex.org/W3202748052","https://openalex.org/W4240485910","https://openalex.org/W4320339642","https://openalex.org/W6628877408","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6743759585","https://openalex.org/W6749825310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921350538","https://openalex.org/W4312789307","https://openalex.org/W3173596272","https://openalex.org/W2028628118","https://openalex.org/W2807839383","https://openalex.org/W2546942002","https://openalex.org/W2970216048","https://openalex.org/W2905846897","https://openalex.org/W4315777907","https://openalex.org/W2945839551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recurrent":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(RNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"for":[8,58,102,130,162,174],"hyperspectral":[9],"image":[10],"(HSI)":[11],"classification":[12,176],"via":[13],"sequence":[14],"modeling.":[15],"However,":[16],"most":[17],"of":[18,168],"the":[19,28,37,74,115,138,148,166,171],"RNN":[20],"methods":[21,173],"focus":[22],"on":[23],"modeling":[24],"long-range":[25],"dependencies":[26,35,76],"along":[27,77],"spectral":[29],"direction,":[30],"without":[31],"fully":[32,96],"exploring":[33],"multi-directional":[34,50],"in":[36],"joint":[38],"spectral-spatial":[39,51,75],"domain.":[40],"To":[41],"tackle":[42],"this":[43,119],"issue,":[44],"we":[45,63,105],"propose":[46],"MSLAN,":[47],"a":[48,95,125,157],"two-branch":[49],"long":[52],"short-term":[53],"memory":[54],"(LSTM)":[55],"attention":[56],"network,":[57],"HSI":[59,175],"classification.":[60,103],"In":[61,118],"particular,":[62],"employ":[64],"LSTMs":[65],"to":[66,88,113,170],"extract":[67],"six-directional":[68],"spatial-spectral":[69],"features":[70],"which":[71],"simultaneously":[72],"capture":[73],"different":[78],"directions.":[79],"We":[80],"then":[81],"design":[82],"an":[83,107],"attention-based":[84],"feature":[85,131],"fuse":[86],"module":[87],"integrate":[89],"these":[90],"directional":[91],"features,":[92],"followed":[93],"by":[94,134],"connected":[97],"layer":[98],"with":[99,177],"cross-entropy":[100],"loss":[101,127],"Additionally,":[104],"incorporate":[106],"auxiliary":[108],"branch":[109,145],"into":[110,136,156],"our":[111],"model":[112],"enhance":[114],"generalization":[116],"capability.":[117],"branch,":[120],"random":[121],"spatial":[122,140],"shuffle":[123],"and":[124,152],"cosine":[126],"are":[128,154],"explored":[129],"consistency":[132],"learning":[133,160],"taking":[135],"account":[137],"varying":[139],"distributions.":[141],"The":[142],"resulting":[143],"two":[144],"networks,":[146],"sharing":[147],"same":[149],"network":[150],"structure":[151],"weights,":[153],"incorporated":[155],"unified":[158],"deep":[159],"architecture":[161],"training.":[163],"Experiments":[164],"show":[165],"superiority":[167],"MSLAN":[169],"state-of-the-art":[172],"limited":[178],"training":[179],"samples.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}