{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225909330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3171285","title":"Urban Thermal Anisotropy: A Comparison Among Observational and Modeling Approaches at Different Time Scales","display_name":"Urban Thermal Anisotropy: A Comparison Among Observational and Modeling Approaches at Different Time Scales","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225909330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3171285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3171285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3171285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462169","display_name":"Dandan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-8339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dandan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716311","display_name":"Yunhao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-7303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-7303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086685560","display_name":"Leiqiu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1867-2521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leiqiu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric and Earth Science, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric and Earth Science, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037215291","display_name":"James Voogt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. Voogt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-0052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64574652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropy","display_name":"Anisotropy","score":0.860008955001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5767610669136047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.5263786911964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5074686408042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.4714658856391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-cycle","display_name":"Diurnal cycle","score":0.4694499671459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"Spatial variability","score":0.4637387990951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4529900848865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-temperature-variation","display_name":"Diurnal temperature variation","score":0.44623783230781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.40197592973709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3740086555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.35458385944366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.34208372235298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1789293885231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12842601537704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07424721121788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0708884596824646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.860008955001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5767610669136047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.5263786911964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5074686408042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.4714658856391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63991900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469559","display_name":"Diurnal cycle","level":2,"score":0.4694499671459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.4637387990951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4529900848865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167678106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283759","display_name":"Diurnal temperature variation","level":2,"score":0.44623783230781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.40197592973709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3740086555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.35458385944366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.34208372235298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1789293885231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12842601537704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07424721121788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0708884596824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3171285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3171285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1024160970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OFSLRSS202102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335627","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3874587360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101333","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5567208224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033124311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UDC2019031321","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325174","funder_display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8844326654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2652020021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325174","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335627","display_name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/00g102351"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336561","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594134570","https://openalex.org/W1642126279","https://openalex.org/W1983322114","https://openalex.org/W1983493876","https://openalex.org/W1988456065","https://openalex.org/W2003114532","https://openalex.org/W2006273284","https://openalex.org/W2011947156","https://openalex.org/W2032007914","https://openalex.org/W2038774500","https://openalex.org/W2041463178","https://openalex.org/W2041497050","https://openalex.org/W2043568360","https://openalex.org/W2071885758","https://openalex.org/W2072420413","https://openalex.org/W2077039949","https://openalex.org/W2097110832","https://openalex.org/W2100275724","https://openalex.org/W2116888634","https://openalex.org/W2120607258","https://openalex.org/W2134827743","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2279036626","https://openalex.org/W2290456311","https://openalex.org/W2340649242","https://openalex.org/W2382681348","https://openalex.org/W2509190443","https://openalex.org/W2566876342","https://openalex.org/W2790824198","https://openalex.org/W2793015672","https://openalex.org/W2809284118","https://openalex.org/W2811422481","https://openalex.org/W2884402541","https://openalex.org/W2904264549","https://openalex.org/W2912214348","https://openalex.org/W2963663407","https://openalex.org/W2986996433","https://openalex.org/W2989693408","https://openalex.org/W2989744169","https://openalex.org/W3008058451","https://openalex.org/W3133617581","https://openalex.org/W3165307412","https://openalex.org/W3170097736","https://openalex.org/W4210271503","https://openalex.org/W4255859980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163618278","https://openalex.org/W2360270847","https://openalex.org/W2033779244","https://openalex.org/W1991097590","https://openalex.org/W2049992443","https://openalex.org/W2036475016","https://openalex.org/W2174433494","https://openalex.org/W2024513728","https://openalex.org/W849683913","https://openalex.org/W2021122830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,174,217],"directional":[1],"variation":[2,157,160],"in":[3,18,119,161,170,180],"upwelling":[4],"thermal":[5,37,64,87,240],"radiance":[6],"(referred":[7],"to":[8,142,190,233],"as":[9],"\u201cthermal":[10],"anisotropy\u201d)":[11],"is":[12,32,59,188,228],"one":[13],"of":[14,70,81,130,147,164,203,219,225],"the":[15,53,85,97,124,145,171,191,220],"important":[16],"issues":[17],"retrieving":[19],"representative":[20],"urban":[21,36,120,239],"land":[22],"surface":[23],"temperature":[24],"(LST)":[25],"from":[26,40,62,90,196],"remote":[27],"sensing":[28],"data.":[29],"Yet,":[30],"there":[31],"a":[33,68,199,212,229],"gap":[34],"between":[35],"anisotropy":[38,51,82,88,114,152,179,195,227,241],"assessed":[39],"different":[41,47],"observational":[42],"and":[43,92,115,122,134,153,184,205,222],"modeling":[44,94],"approaches":[45],"at":[46,52,96,132],"time":[48,75,202],"scales.":[49,136],"Thermal":[50],"satellite":[54,98],"observing":[55],"scale":[56,99],"(~1":[57],"km)":[58],"usually":[60],"derived":[61],"multiangular":[63],"observations":[65,118],"that":[66,126],"are":[67],"result":[69],"temporal":[71],"aggregation":[72],"over":[73],"long":[74],"series.":[76],"How":[77],"well":[78],"this":[79,104],"type":[80],"estimate":[83],"represents":[84],"instantaneous":[86,175],"(e.g.,":[89],"airborne":[91,117],"some":[93],"techniques)":[95],"remains":[100],"unclear.":[101],"To":[102],"close":[103],"knowledge":[105],"gap,":[106],"we":[107,138],"comprehensively":[108],"compare":[109],"Moderate-Resolution":[110],"Imaging":[111],"Spectroradiometer":[112],"(MODIS)-derived":[113],"quasi-simultaneous":[116],"areas":[121],"assess":[123,144],"factors":[125],"control":[127],"anisotropic":[128],"features":[129],"LST":[131],"seasonal":[133,223],"diurnal":[135,221],"Furthermore,":[137],"use":[139],"model":[140],"simulations":[141],"separately":[143],"impacts":[146],"1)":[148],"weather":[149],"variability":[150],"on":[151,158],"2)":[154],"solar":[155],"angle":[156],"zenithal":[159],"anisotropy,":[162],"both":[163],"which":[165],"have":[166],"been":[167],"largely":[168],"simplified":[169],"MODIS-derived":[172,194,226],"approach.":[173],"model-derived":[176],"or":[177],"airborne-measured":[178],"early":[181],"morning":[182],"(~10:00)":[183],"late":[185],"afternoon":[186],"(~14:00)":[187],"closer":[189],"seasonally":[192],"aggregated":[193],"Terra-Day":[197],"(with":[198],"median":[200],"overpass":[201],"11:00)":[204],"Aqua-Day":[206],"(13:00),":[207],"respectively,":[208],"whereas":[209],"it":[210],"has":[211],"good":[213],"representation":[214],"during":[215],"winter.":[216],"investigation":[218],"characteristic":[224],"critical":[230],"step":[231],"needed":[232],"understand":[234],"its":[235],"performance":[236],"for":[237],"global":[238],"profiles.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}