{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206058291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3169228","title":"Spectral Variability Augmented Sparse Unmixing of Hyperspectral Images","display_name":"Spectral Variability Augmented Sparse Unmixing of Hyperspectral Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206058291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3169228","mag":"3206058291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3169228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3169228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.09744","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326078","display_name":"Ge Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-5149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ge Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067207818","display_name":"Shaohui Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-596X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohui Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112694858","display_name":"Bobo Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bobo Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046390538","display_name":"Mingyang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-628X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376972","display_name":"Yifan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-3880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040328543","display_name":"Yan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0669-9970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033017179","display_name":"Qian Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-7500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100326078"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94485943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9426184296607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5861760973930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5214968919754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-spectral-imaging","display_name":"Full spectral imaging","score":0.5137616395950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47697433829307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3929731845855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1886442005634308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9426184296607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5861760973930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5214968919754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78660771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508206","display_name":"Full spectral imaging","level":3,"score":0.5137616395950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47697433829307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3929731845855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1886442005634308}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3169228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3169228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.09744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.09744","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.09744","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2110.09744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.09744","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.09744","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4942443685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX2021018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","funder_display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5521239382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W817041652","https://openalex.org/W1237247568","https://openalex.org/W1524571335","https://openalex.org/W1582058549","https://openalex.org/W1964570608","https://openalex.org/W1994784561","https://openalex.org/W2027878671","https://openalex.org/W2050041778","https://openalex.org/W2070424424","https://openalex.org/W2073455368","https://openalex.org/W2080026307","https://openalex.org/W2081555128","https://openalex.org/W2084252873","https://openalex.org/W2095343758","https://openalex.org/W2107219953","https://openalex.org/W2113138229","https://openalex.org/W2114486983","https://openalex.org/W2119571791","https://openalex.org/W2125298866","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2130939260","https://openalex.org/W2144881411","https://openalex.org/W2157321686","https://openalex.org/W2163886442","https://openalex.org/W2171837816","https://openalex.org/W2250312203","https://openalex.org/W2324845311","https://openalex.org/W2331832821","https://openalex.org/W2415341181","https://openalex.org/W2470203776","https://openalex.org/W2490975676","https://openalex.org/W2513923277","https://openalex.org/W2599717507","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2773194520","https://openalex.org/W2782517596","https://openalex.org/W2792167075","https://openalex.org/W2798328034","https://openalex.org/W2804275394","https://openalex.org/W2885173122","https://openalex.org/W2898165830","https://openalex.org/W2911419410","https://openalex.org/W2924113356","https://openalex.org/W2944359217","https://openalex.org/W2950566305","https://openalex.org/W2951039757","https://openalex.org/W2967530387","https://openalex.org/W2975506318","https://openalex.org/W2976068290","https://openalex.org/W2983178554","https://openalex.org/W2992956629","https://openalex.org/W3002092414","https://openalex.org/W3008338187","https://openalex.org/W3017004831","https://openalex.org/W3024375667","https://openalex.org/W3028040906","https://openalex.org/W3031385348","https://openalex.org/W3036216071","https://openalex.org/W3044978601","https://openalex.org/W3080654851","https://openalex.org/W3081434441","https://openalex.org/W3083760513","https://openalex.org/W3088589135","https://openalex.org/W3091185863","https://openalex.org/W3099180803","https://openalex.org/W3100619029","https://openalex.org/W3101012758","https://openalex.org/W3101253503","https://openalex.org/W3102578566","https://openalex.org/W3106289623","https://openalex.org/W3136776645","https://openalex.org/W3137615129","https://openalex.org/W3143596294","https://openalex.org/W3151666947","https://openalex.org/W3164711602","https://openalex.org/W3168462391","https://openalex.org/W3192188223","https://openalex.org/W4205095826","https://openalex.org/W4206155389","https://openalex.org/W4247836718","https://openalex.org/W4392677642","https://openalex.org/W6634825034","https://openalex.org/W6680012447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W2911259277","https://openalex.org/W4386427838","https://openalex.org/W2800956885","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W2533019003","https://openalex.org/W1991437568","https://openalex.org/W2057283258","https://openalex.org/W2626158795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectral":[0],"unmixing":[1,146,159,180,210,216,223],"expresses":[2],"the":[3,11,30,37,48,62,90,98,132,157,201,209],"mixed":[4],"pixels":[5,35],"existing":[6],"in":[7,25,107,156],"hyperspectral":[8,26],"images":[9],"as":[10],"product":[12],"of":[13,40,50,56,88,101,212],"endmembers":[14,102,130],"and":[15,53,123,152,165,170,185,196],"their":[16],"corresponding":[17],"fractional":[18],"abundances,":[19],"which":[20],"has":[21,69],"been":[22,70],"widely":[23],"used":[24,71,142],"imagery":[27],"analysis.":[28],"However,":[29],"endmember":[31,121],"spectra":[32,83],"even":[33],"for":[34,103,131],"from":[36,115],"same":[38],"material":[39],"an":[41,116],"image":[42],"may":[43,93],"include":[44],"variability":[45,75,111,139,171,177],"due":[46,96],"to":[47,72,84,97,125,143],"influence":[49],"lighting":[51],"conditions":[52],"inherent":[54],"properties":[55],"materials":[57],"within":[58],"different":[59,129],"pixels.":[60],"Though":[61],"<italic":[63,79,117],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[64,80,118],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">in":[65,81,119],"situ</i>":[66,82,120],"spectral":[67,110,138,153,176,214],"library":[68,122],"accommodate":[73],"such":[74,136],"by":[76,147],"using":[77],"multiple":[78],"represent":[85],"each":[86,104],"kind":[87],"material,":[89],"performance":[91,188,211],"improvement":[92],"be":[94,126],"restricted":[95],"limited":[99],"number":[100],"material.":[105],"Therefore,":[106],"this":[108],"article,":[109],"is":[112,140,182,189],"directly":[113],"extracted":[114],"considered":[124],"transferable":[127],"among":[128],"first":[133],"time.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"a":[137,173],"further":[141],"augment":[144],"sparse":[145,158,164,179,222],"synchronously":[148],"performing":[149],"endmember-based":[150],"reconstruction":[151,155],"variability-augmented":[154],"model.":[160],"By,":[161],"respectively,":[162],"imposing":[163],"smoothness":[166],"regularization":[167],"over":[168,194],"abundances":[169],"coefficients,":[172],"convex":[174],"optimization-based":[175],"augmented":[178],"(SVASU)":[181],"finally":[183],"proposed,":[184],"its":[186],"convergence":[187],"also":[190,218],"analyzed.":[191],"Experiments":[192],"conducted":[193],"synthetic":[195],"real-world":[197],"datasets":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"that":[200],"proposed":[202],"SVASU":[203],"method":[204],"not":[205],"only":[206],"significantly":[207],"improves":[208],"conventional":[213],"library-based":[215],"but":[217],"outperforms":[219],"several":[220],"state-of-the-art":[221],"algorithms.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
