{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225818125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3168283","title":"Validation of a Pseudospectral Time-Domain (PSTD) Planetary Radar Sounding Simulator With SHARAD Radar Sounding Data","display_name":"Validation of a Pseudospectral Time-Domain (PSTD) Planetary Radar Sounding Simulator With SHARAD Radar Sounding Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225818125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3168283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3168283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3168283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071570723","display_name":"Yang Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-1980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-1980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064325551","display_name":"Maria Carmela Raguso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3315-4375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Carmela Raguso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3315-4375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082147889","display_name":"Marco Mastrogiuseppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Mastrogiuseppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000372145","display_name":"C. Elachi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Elachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080681086","display_name":"Mark Haynes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-2083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark S. Haynes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-2083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071570723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4645,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67539832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6037810444831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-sounding","display_name":"Depth sounding","score":0.5810284614562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5225086808204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46940481662750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1752403974533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10591676831245422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6037810444831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55510283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947","display_name":"Depth sounding","level":2,"score":0.5810284614562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5225086808204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46940481662750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1752403974533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10591676831245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3168283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3168283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:115225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/115225/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2676722403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NM0018D0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","funder_display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7336105542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NM0018D0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","funder_display_name":"California Institute of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175812217","https://openalex.org/W1583532932","https://openalex.org/W1967993601","https://openalex.org/W1969322422","https://openalex.org/W1985750824","https://openalex.org/W1999669813","https://openalex.org/W2030220433","https://openalex.org/W2035694008","https://openalex.org/W2036657988","https://openalex.org/W2045323482","https://openalex.org/W2059042388","https://openalex.org/W2059206652","https://openalex.org/W2061891844","https://openalex.org/W2069328349","https://openalex.org/W2070049429","https://openalex.org/W2075556137","https://openalex.org/W2104133713","https://openalex.org/W2113735313","https://openalex.org/W2119831998","https://openalex.org/W2124816789","https://openalex.org/W2127471447","https://openalex.org/W2136751473","https://openalex.org/W2145484313","https://openalex.org/W2147284262","https://openalex.org/W2150057551","https://openalex.org/W2478884216","https://openalex.org/W2560134829","https://openalex.org/W2808759061","https://openalex.org/W2883412488","https://openalex.org/W2891273602","https://openalex.org/W2902432000","https://openalex.org/W2967997771","https://openalex.org/W2991572968","https://openalex.org/W2999600348","https://openalex.org/W3124473035","https://openalex.org/W3126504620","https://openalex.org/W3132153361","https://openalex.org/W3208864791","https://openalex.org/W4238371133","https://openalex.org/W6771900598","https://openalex.org/W6772347665","https://openalex.org/W6791147410","https://openalex.org/W6802849515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355734878","https://openalex.org/W4321267554","https://openalex.org/W2386767533","https://openalex.org/W2015232489","https://openalex.org/W2023844319","https://openalex.org/W4319740332","https://openalex.org/W2584378915","https://openalex.org/W3194197062","https://openalex.org/W2332661654","https://openalex.org/W1998125246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,42],"a":[1,4,53,222],"recent":[2],"study,":[3],"2-D":[5,46,256],"pseudospectral":[6],"time-domain":[7],"(PSTD)":[8],"full-wave":[9],"simulator":[10,48,106,258,268],"was":[11],"developed":[12],"and":[13,40,127,130,154,179,201,225,272],"demonstrated":[14],"to":[15,51,110,141,277],"be":[16,274],"capable":[17],"of":[18,33,37,98,116,229,242,254,284],"efficiently":[19,111],"solving":[20],"large-scale":[21],"low-frequency":[22],"(e.g.,":[23],"HF)":[24],"electromagnetic":[25],"scattering":[26],"problems,":[27],"for":[28,259],"example,":[29],"on":[30,172,239],"the":[31,45,103,105,131,139,143,148,176,188,205,240,252,255],"application":[32],"radar":[34,265,279,289],"sounding":[35,280,290],"simulations":[36,281],"planetary":[38,264,286],"clutter":[39,262],"subsurfaces.":[41],"this":[43],"article,":[44],"PSTD":[47,189,206,257],"is":[49,107,269],"applied":[50],"simulate":[52,165],"domain":[54],"as":[55,57],"large":[56,113],"4000":[58],"<inline-formula":[59,67,76,86,232,243],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[60,68,77,87,233,244],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[61,69,78,88,234,245],"<tex-math":[62,70,79,89,235,246],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\lambda":[63,90],"$":[64,73,82],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[65,74,83,92,237,248],"(along-track)":[66],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times":[71,80],"1666.67\\,\\,\\lambda":[72],"(cross-track)":[75],"33.33\\,\\,\\lambda":[81],"(depth)":[84],"with":[85,194,215,221,288],"=15$":[91],"m":[93],"at":[94,168,175,181],"an":[95],"HF":[96],"frequency":[97],"20":[99],"MHz.":[100],"To":[101],"accomplish":[102],"goal,":[104],"further":[108,211],"improved":[109],"model/simulate":[112],"cross-track":[114,132],"slices":[115],"dielectric":[117],"scenes":[118],"by":[119,213],"allowing":[120],"nonuniform":[121],"grid":[122],"sampling":[123],"in":[124,263,282],"horizontal":[125],"(lateral)":[126],"vertical":[128],"directions,":[129],"results":[133],"are":[134,192,210],"then":[135],"stitched":[136],"together":[137],"along":[138],"track":[140],"form":[142],"simulated":[144,190,207],"radargram.":[145],"By":[146],"combining":[147],"SHAllow":[149],"RADar":[150],"(SHARAD)":[151],"viewing":[152],"geometry":[153],"Mars":[155],"Orbital":[156],"Laser":[157],"Altimeter":[158],"(MOLA)":[159],"digital":[160],"elevation":[161],"model":[162],"(DEM),":[163],"we":[164],"SHARAD":[166,196,220],"returns":[167],"three":[169,186],"different":[170],"sites":[171],"Mars:":[173],"one":[174],"North":[177],"Pole":[178],"two":[180],"Oxia":[182],"Planum.":[183],"At":[184],"all":[185],"sites,":[187],"radargrams":[191],"compared":[193],"measured":[195],"radargrams.":[197],"Through":[198],"power-level":[199],"calibration":[200],"reference":[202],"time":[203],"adjustment,":[204],"power":[208,217],"estimates":[209],"validated":[212],"comparing":[214],"real":[216],"observations":[218],"from":[219],"5-dB":[223],"uncertainty":[224],"Pearson":[226],"correlation":[227],"coefficient":[228],"0.3\u20130.4":[230],"(a":[231],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$p$":[236],"-value":[238],"order":[241],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10^{-9}$":[247],"),":[249],"which":[250],"justifies":[251],"use":[253],"emulating":[260],"surface":[261],"sounding.":[266],"This":[267],"open":[270],"source":[271],"can":[273],"easily":[275],"modified":[276],"support":[278,283],"other":[285],"missions":[287],"instruments.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}