{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226502924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3162833","title":"Radar-Based Human Activity Recognition Combining Range\u2013Time\u2013Doppler Maps and Range-Distributed-Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Radar-Based Human Activity Recognition Combining Range\u2013Time\u2013Doppler Maps and Range-Distributed-Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226502924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3162833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3162833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3162833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084043021","display_name":"Won-Yeol Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-6413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won-Yeol Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-6413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042128313","display_name":"Dong-Hoan Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-0356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197867492","display_name":"Korea Maritime and Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v7y5b55","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Hoan Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Information Engineering, Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-0356","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Information Engineering, Interdisciplinary Major of Maritime AI Convergence, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197867492"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.2725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99598033,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6842889785766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6295226216316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-radar","display_name":"Doppler radar","score":0.6071391701698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5692421793937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5620887279510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5195420384407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4655958116054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.44594326615333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3743981719017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2069929838180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15433916449546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06992948055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06812801957130432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6842889785766602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6295226216316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.6071391701698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5692421793937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5620887279510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5195420384407043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4655958116054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.44594326615333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3743981719017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2069929838180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15433916449546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06992948055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06812801957130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3162833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3162833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2192947683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A2C1014024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533539416","https://openalex.org/W1582660696","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1923002919","https://openalex.org/W1989797986","https://openalex.org/W2005083050","https://openalex.org/W2009086942","https://openalex.org/W2023302299","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2136677628","https://openalex.org/W2137044549","https://openalex.org/W2153594606","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2166385084","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2206638072","https://openalex.org/W2242223225","https://openalex.org/W2336393921","https://openalex.org/W2501169257","https://openalex.org/W2536305597","https://openalex.org/W2592600924","https://openalex.org/W2746870488","https://openalex.org/W2768866948","https://openalex.org/W2770230561","https://openalex.org/W2789436454","https://openalex.org/W2793655483","https://openalex.org/W2803187616","https://openalex.org/W2893047521","https://openalex.org/W2903241283","https://openalex.org/W2912876208","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2954377489","https://openalex.org/W2963591222","https://openalex.org/W2965924798","https://openalex.org/W2972788024","https://openalex.org/W2973823742","https://openalex.org/W3034620145","https://openalex.org/W3039610325","https://openalex.org/W3042537365","https://openalex.org/W3093879323","https://openalex.org/W3113067855","https://openalex.org/W3127000115","https://openalex.org/W3130412555","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4302067267","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6751420435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978025251","https://openalex.org/W2361241744","https://openalex.org/W2086314607","https://openalex.org/W2235285389","https://openalex.org/W4252012301","https://openalex.org/W2581209175","https://openalex.org/W2532305960","https://openalex.org/W2900664875","https://openalex.org/W2022955050","https://openalex.org/W2944876982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"radar-based":[1,107,130,208],"human":[2,138,200],"activity":[3],"recognition":[4,229,234],"(HAR)":[5],"has":[6,14],"attracted":[7],"the":[8,38,48,62,77,99,121,132,143,151,166,174,182,185,193,215,221,241],"attention":[9],"of":[10,40,65,177,184,195,199,214,224],"researchers":[11],"as":[12],"it":[13],"been":[15],"proven":[16],"that":[17,59,95,161],"a":[18,29,68,83,105,110,115,157,227,232],"deep":[19],"learning":[20,28],"(DL)":[21],"model":[22,50,160,217],"can":[23,60,90],"be":[24,91],"automatically":[25],"determined":[26],"by":[27,141,164,191],"radar":[30,44,70],"dataset.":[31,243],"However,":[32],"unlike":[33],"general":[34],"optical":[35],"image":[36],"data,":[37],"process":[39],"collecting":[41],"and":[42,54,114,218,231],"labeling":[43],"data":[45],"for":[46,93,129,207,237],"training":[47,242],"DL":[49,78,159],"requires":[51],"considerable":[52],"manpower":[53],"costs.":[55],"Therefore,":[56,102],"an":[57,204],"approach":[58],"learn":[61],"maximum":[63],"number":[64,223],"features":[66,140],"from":[67,86],"limited":[69],"dataset":[71,84,206],"is":[72,126,156,203],"essential.":[73],"Moreover,":[74],"even":[75,236],"if":[76],"models":[79],"are":[80,96],"trained":[81,100],"using":[82,165,192],"obtained":[85],"multiple":[87],"geometries,":[88],"performance":[89,183],"degraded":[92],"geometries":[94,239],"unknown":[97,238],"to":[98,146,150,169],"model.":[101],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"novel":[106],"HAR":[108,163,209],"combining":[109],"range\u2013time\u2013Doppler":[111],"(RTD)":[112],"map":[113,135,145],"range-distributed-convolutional":[116],"neural":[117],"network":[118],"(RD-CNN).":[119],"Unlike":[120],"time\u2013Doppler":[122],"(TD)":[123],"map,":[124],"which":[125,202],"mainly":[127],"used":[128],"HAR,":[131],"proposed":[133,154,186,216],"RTD":[134,178],"provides":[136],"several":[137],"activity-related":[139],"extending":[142],"TD":[144],"three":[147],"dimensions":[148],"according":[149],"range.":[152],"The":[153,211],"RD-CNN":[155],"new":[158],"performs":[162],"RD":[167],"layer":[168],"extract":[170],"Doppler":[171],"features,":[172],"excluding":[173],"range":[175],"information":[176],"map.":[179],"To":[180],"verify":[181],"model,":[187],"experiments":[188],"were":[189],"conducted":[190],"University":[194],"Glasgow":[196],"\u201cradar":[197],"signatures":[198],"activities,\u201d":[201],"open":[205],"research.":[210],"comparison":[212],"results":[213],"CNNs":[219],"with":[220],"same":[222],"parameters":[225],"demonstrated":[226],"higher":[228],"accuracy":[230],"lower":[233],"error":[235],"in":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}