{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226285265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3160492","title":"Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification Using Multiscale Feature Fusion Covariance Network With Octave Convolution","display_name":"Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification Using Multiscale Feature Fusion Covariance Network With Octave Convolution","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226285265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3160492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3160492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3160492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lin Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3445-214X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115513","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zzmf129","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3445-214X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101857168","display_name":"Qingxin Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115513","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zzmf129","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-1761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101569020","display_name":"Cuiling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1643-819X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115513","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zzmf129","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuiling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1643-819X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100731629","display_name":"Zhen Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5410-863X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115513","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zzmf129","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5410-863X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035926542","display_name":"Meng Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0468-7335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115513","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zzmf129","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","an University, Xi&#x2019","an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024631382","display_name":"Xiuping Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-6382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuping Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-6382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1331,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9714727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6687362194061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6641628742218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6188087463378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6160959601402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6156623363494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6056111454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5465653538703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.507361114025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47460120916366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.43491923809051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18943804502487183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.176202654838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1694120466709137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6687362194061279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6641628742218018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6188087463378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6160959601402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6156623363494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6056111454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5465653538703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.507361114025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47460120916366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.43491923809051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18943804502487183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.176202654838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1694120466709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3160492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3160492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1292681430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFC1512002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2225203255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2405848376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020GY-060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6777566958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201924","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8819751874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41601344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8980999818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"300102328201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1555371769","https://openalex.org/W1584663654","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1912954554","https://openalex.org/W1958291604","https://openalex.org/W1970782782","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W2091280333","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2104657103","https://openalex.org/W2153425333","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2204257188","https://openalex.org/W2248723555","https://openalex.org/W2347115704","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2546523301","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2601789736","https://openalex.org/W2621526417","https://openalex.org/W2727875856","https://openalex.org/W2749507674","https://openalex.org/W2752965000","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2765793020","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2783165089","https://openalex.org/W2786225488","https://openalex.org/W2802999850","https://openalex.org/W2829067510","https://openalex.org/W2890133123","https://openalex.org/W2890732922","https://openalex.org/W2897086142","https://openalex.org/W2899198451","https://openalex.org/W2936614765","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2940939359","https://openalex.org/W2946057160","https://openalex.org/W2948329096","https://openalex.org/W2954156245","https://openalex.org/W2962217138","https://openalex.org/W2962761264","https://openalex.org/W2963785576","https://openalex.org/W2964350570","https://openalex.org/W2974770574","https://openalex.org/W2988396473","https://openalex.org/W2992382424","https://openalex.org/W2997343747","https://openalex.org/W3004916592","https://openalex.org/W3015063979","https://openalex.org/W3016244469","https://openalex.org/W3022140654","https://openalex.org/W3025346498","https://openalex.org/W3043183554","https://openalex.org/W3089373785","https://openalex.org/W3100399724","https://openalex.org/W3101627915","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W3113299742","https://openalex.org/W3119125170","https://openalex.org/W3122817280","https://openalex.org/W3128592650","https://openalex.org/W3165563493","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W4299965162","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6689831786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W4287804464","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W3103989898","https://openalex.org/W2152352598","https://openalex.org/W803346624","https://openalex.org/W3182189390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,70,154],"remote":[1,51],"sensing":[2,52],"scene":[3],"classification":[4],"(RSSC),":[5],"features":[6,16,23,93,109,115,163],"can":[7,88,164,195],"be":[8,196],"extracted":[9],"with":[10,80],"different":[11,117],"spatial":[12,48],"frequencies":[13],"where":[14],"high-frequency":[15],"usually":[17,24],"represent":[18,25],"detailed":[19],"information":[20,36,144],"and":[21,63,91,161],"low-frequency":[22,45],"global":[26,134,138],"structures.":[27],"However,":[28],"it":[29],"is":[30,55,85,103],"challenging":[31],"to":[32,105,147],"extract":[33,89],"meaningful":[34],"semantic":[35],"for":[37],"RSSC":[38,184],"tasks":[39],"by":[40,110,123],"just":[41],"utilizing":[42],"high-":[43],"or":[44],"features.":[46,153],"The":[47,189],"composition":[49],"of":[50,60,66,116,132,151,169,192],"images":[53],"(RSIs)":[54],"more":[56],"complex":[57],"than":[58],"that":[59,179],"natural":[61],"images,":[62],"the":[64,97,114,124,155,158,167],"scales":[65],"objects":[67],"vary":[68],"significantly.":[69],"this":[71,193],"article,":[72],"a":[73],"multiscale":[74,92,125,162],"feature":[75,99,126],"fusion":[76,127],"covariance":[77,139],"network":[78],"(MF2CNet)":[79],"octave":[81],"convolution":[82],"(Oct":[83],"Conv)":[84],"proposed,":[86],"which":[87],"multifrequency":[90,98,160],"from":[94,145],"RSIs.":[95],"First,":[96],"extraction":[100],"(MFE)":[101],"module":[102],"used":[104],"obtain":[106],"fine-grained":[107],"frequency":[108],"Oct":[111],"Conv.":[112],"Then,":[113],"layers":[118],"in":[119,183],"MF2CNet":[120,180],"are":[121],"fused":[122],"(MF2)":[128],"module.":[129],"Finally,":[130],"instead":[131],"using":[133],"average":[135],"pooling":[136,140],"(GAP),":[137],"(GCP)":[141],"extracts":[142],"high-order":[143],"RSIs":[146],"capture":[148],"richer":[149],"statistics":[150],"deep":[152],"proposed":[156],"MF2CNet,":[157],"obtained":[159],"effectively":[165],"improve":[166],"performance":[168],"CNNs.":[170],"Experimental":[171],"results":[172],"on":[173],"four":[174],"public":[175],"RSI":[176],"datasets":[177],"show":[178],"has":[181],"advantages":[182],"over":[185],"current":[186],"state-of-the-art":[187],"methods.":[188],"source":[190],"codes":[191],"method":[194],"found":[197],"athttps://github.com/liuqingxin-chd/MF2CNet.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
