{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226291728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3157671","title":"SCViT: A Spatial-Channel Feature Preserving Vision Transformer for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification","display_name":"SCViT: A Spatial-Channel Feature Preserving Vision Transformer for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226291728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3157671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3157671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3157671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029735814","display_name":"Pengyuan Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyuan Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-0078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101798145","display_name":"Wenjun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-5880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-5880","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754351","display_name":"Yanfei Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101680034","display_name":"Fang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-7900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673818","display_name":"Liangpei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangpei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-3650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":175,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99389466,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8299102783203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.727912187576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5713408589363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5519605278968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4927809536457062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4853631258010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4809693396091461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4777188301086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.45605605840682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4410945773124695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.43809089064598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2678903043270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.25797972083091736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8299102783203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.727912187576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5713408589363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5519605278968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4927809536457062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4853631258010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4809693396091461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4777188301086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.45605605840682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4410945773124695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.43809089064598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2678903043270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.25797972083091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3157671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3157671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1177919038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42001307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G368116140","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7684\u5730\u533a\u75be\u75c5\u836f\u7269\u4f5c\u7528\u901a\u8def\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62062058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526295910","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W2005368619","https://openalex.org/W2075594746","https://openalex.org/W2078478672","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2153425333","https://openalex.org/W2190186811","https://openalex.org/W2291068538","https://openalex.org/W2294802479","https://openalex.org/W2347115704","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2610884537","https://openalex.org/W2620179114","https://openalex.org/W2621526417","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2783165089","https://openalex.org/W2786225488","https://openalex.org/W2790898247","https://openalex.org/W2890732922","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2919352650","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2945581949","https://openalex.org/W2954156245","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2970105043","https://openalex.org/W2980088508","https://openalex.org/W2988666519","https://openalex.org/W3014323018","https://openalex.org/W3022140654","https://openalex.org/W3026303927","https://openalex.org/W3035022492","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3047889186","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3080181119","https://openalex.org/W3080321686","https://openalex.org/W3092043977","https://openalex.org/W3096675569","https://openalex.org/W3100399724","https://openalex.org/W3102692100","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W3118513496","https://openalex.org/W3121523901","https://openalex.org/W3128592650","https://openalex.org/W3137191419","https://openalex.org/W3155649272","https://openalex.org/W3205361185","https://openalex.org/W3214821343","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6687157873","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6784291726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390516098","https://openalex.org/W2911497689","https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W2963346891","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856","https://openalex.org/W3010730661","https://openalex.org/W2565656575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"network":[2],"(CNN)-based":[3],"methods":[4,27],"are":[5,127],"widely":[6],"used":[7,152,191],"in":[8,24,30,81,117,122,161,181,214],"remote":[9,215],"sensing":[10,216],"image":[11,217],"scene":[12,201,218],"classification":[13,119,183,202],"and":[14,109],"can":[15],"obtain":[16],"excellent":[17],"performances.":[18],"However,":[19,61],"the":[20,25,32,51,58,62,78,82,100,105,110,113,118,123,132,138,143,155,159,162,175,178,182,194,199,204,208],"stacked":[21],"receptive":[22],"fields":[23],"CNN-based":[26],"have":[28],"limitations":[29],"modeling":[31],"long-range":[33],"dependencies":[34],"of":[35,54,104,112,142,158,177,210],"local":[36,55,139],"features.":[37],"The":[38],"vision":[39],"transformer":[40],"(ViT)":[41],"model":[42,94,154],"provides":[43],"a":[44,88,146,186],"good":[45],"solution":[46],"as":[47,74],"it":[48],"directly":[49],"considers":[50,77,98],"global":[52,79,156],"interactions":[53,157],"patches":[56,72,135],"by":[57,129],"self-attention":[59,148],"mechanism.":[60],"vanilla":[63],"ViT":[64,92,212],"model,":[65],"which":[66,97],"simply":[67],"splits":[68],"images":[69],"into":[70],"fixed-size":[71],"treated":[73],"tokens,":[75],"mainly":[76],"information":[80,103],"spatial":[83],"domain.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"article,":[87],"spatial-channel":[89],"feature":[90],"preserving":[91],"(SCViT)":[93],"is":[95,151,170,190],"proposed,":[96],"both":[99],"detailed":[101],"geometric":[102],"high-spatial-resolution":[106],"(HSR)":[107],"imagery":[108],"contribution":[111],"different":[114,179],"channels":[115,180],"contained":[116],"token.":[120,184],"First,":[121],"proposed":[124],"method,":[125],"tokens":[126,160],"generated":[128],"progressively":[130],"aggregating":[131],"neighboring":[133],"overlapping":[134],"to":[136,153,173,192],"extract":[137],"structural":[140],"features":[141],"imagery.":[144],"Second,":[145],"multihead":[147],"(MSA)":[149],"mechanism":[150],"encoder.":[163],"A":[164],"lightweight":[165],"channel":[166],"attention":[167],"(LCA)":[168],"module":[169],"then":[171],"introduced":[172],"consider":[174],"importance":[176],"Finally,":[185],"multilayer":[187],"perceptron":[188],"(MLP)":[189],"acquire":[193],"final":[195],"results.":[196],"Compared":[197],"with":[198],"state-of-the-art":[200],"methods,":[203],"experimental":[205],"results":[206],"confirm":[207],"potential":[209],"using":[211],"models":[213],"classification.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}